Table 1. Summary of genetic diversity within 60 populations of Pinus strobus based on ten microsatellite loci.
Pop. | Locality | Latitude | Longitude | N | A | H S | R S | H O | H E | f(FIS) |
E1 | Doubice, Hrad | N50°53′26″ | E14°24′58″ | 20 | 5.2 | 0.597 | 4.467 | 0.479 | 0.579 | 0.198* |
E2 | Doubice, Dravčí Skály | N50°54′25″ | E14°24′25″ | 20 | 4.9 | 0.543 | 4.005 | 0.441 | 0.525 | 0.188* |
E3 | Hradec Králové | N50°10′13″ | E15°52′34″ | 20 | 5.1 | 0.547 | 4.180 | 0.444 | 0.529 | 0.188* |
E4 | Klokočí | N50°36′20″ | E15°12′46″ | 20 | 4.5 | 0.550 | 3.845 | 0.433 | 0.533 | 0.214* |
E5 | Brandýs-Stará Boleslav | N50°13′02″ | E14°44′05″ | 20 | 5.5 | 0.569 | 4.478 | 0.433 | 0.550 | 0.240* |
E6 | Řečany nad Labem | N50°01′38″ | E15°28′59″ | 20 | 5.2 | 0.614 | 4.362 | 0.500 | 0.594 | 0.185* |
E7 | Bílichov | N50°14′38″ | E13°52′08″ | 21 | 5.2 | 0.543 | 4.302 | 0.372 | 0.524 | 0.314* |
E8 | Říčany | N49°59′10″ | E14°42′25″ | 20 | 5.0 | 0.520 | 4.118 | 0.418 | 0.503 | 0.195* |
E9 | Jemčina | N49°06′30″ | E14°50′04″ | 20 | 4.9 | 0.533 | 4.113 | 0.394 | 0.512 | 0.261* |
E10 | Adršpach | N50°36′08″ | E16°07′33″ | 20 | 4.1 | 0.465 | 3.473 | 0.363 | 0.449 | 0.219* |
E11 | Studené | N50°04′20″ | E16°35′19″ | 20 | 4.5 | 0.524 | 3.841 | 0.377 | 0.505 | 0.280* |
E12 | Blatce | N50°30′53″ | E14°36′05″ | 19 | 5.0 | 0.544 | 4.274 | 0.459 | 0.526 | 0.156* |
E13 | Pařezská Lhota | N50°28′28″ | E15°16′43″ | 20 | 6.0 | 0.517 | 4.689 | 0.385 | 0.499 | 0.255* |
E14 | Příhrazy | N50°31′35″ | E15°03′54 | 20 | 5.0 | 0.546 | 4.175 | 0.437 | 0.528 | 0.198* |
E15 | Aš | N50°15′23″ | E12°12′25″ | 20 | 5.4 | 0.585 | 4.443 | 0.452 | 0.565 | 0.227* |
E16 | Kynšperk nad Ohří | N50°08′32″ | E12°31′42″ | 21 | 4.7 | 0.586 | 4.042 | 0.441 | 0.568 | 0.248* |
E17 | Cvikov | N50°46′31″ | E14°36′02″ | 20 | 5.4 | 0.545 | 4.482 | 0.433 | 0.528 | 0.206* |
E18 | Liberec | N50°48′04″ | E14°59′51″ | 21 | 5.7 | 0.563 | 4.523 | 0.467 | 0.547 | 0.171* |
E19 | Bezděz | N50°30′44″ | E14°41′46″ | 20 | 5.2 | 0.570 | 4.315 | 0.489 | 0.551 | 0.141* |
E20 | Petrovice | N50°48′58″ | E14°46′34″ | 20 | 5.4 | 0.573 | 4.338 | 0.473 | 0.555 | 0.174* |
E21 | Česká Kamenice | N50°48′36″ | E14°27′35″ | 20 | 4.7 | 0.479 | 3.793 | 0.367 | 0.463 | 0.234* |
E22 | Stráž pod Ralskem, Ralsko | N50°40′53″ | E14°51′36″ | 20 | 5.2 | 0.585 | 4.500 | 0.455 | 0.565 | 0.221* |
E23 | Jablonec nad Nisou | N50°43′06″ | E15°07′03″ | 20 | 5.8 | 0.575 | 4.546 | 0.396 | 0.555 | 0.312* |
E24 | Dvůr Králové nad Labem | N50°24′45″ | E15°47′50″ | 20 | 5.2 | 0.526 | 4.131 | 0.400 | 0.509 | 0.241* |
E25 | Zbiroh | N49°50′03″ | E13°48′45″ | 20 | 5.1 | 0.560 | 4.075 | 0.472 | 0.544 | 0.157* |
E26 | Plzeň | N49°47′43″ | E13°22′37″ | 20 | 5.3 | 0.596 | 4.443 | 0.482 | 0.577 | 0.191* |
E27 | Horní Štěpánov | N49°32′37″ | E16°46′12″ | 20 | 4.8 | 0.557 | 4.070 | 0.399 | 0.537 | 0.284* |
E28 | Huntířov, Bynovec | N50°48′01″ | E14°18′08″ | 20 | 5.1 | 0.560 | 4.121 | 0.455 | 0.543 | 0.187* |
E29 | Srbská Kamenice | N50°50′01″ | E14°22′08″ | 20 | 5.6 | 0.527 | 4.589 | 0.446 | 0.511 | 0.154* |
E30 | Sopřeč | N50°04′26″ | E15°32′54″ | 20 | 4.8 | 0.547 | 4.075 | 0.429 | 0.528 | 0.216* |
A31 | NY, Millbrook | N41°47′38″ | W73°43′59″ | 20 | 5.0 | 0.591 | 4.145 | 0.461 | 0.572 | 0.221* |
A32 | NY, New Paltz | N41°45′42″ | W74°09′46″ | 20 | 5.2 | 0.476 | 4.097 | 0.422 | 0.462 | 0.114* |
A33 | NY, Albany | N42°35′27″ | W74°00′28″ | 20 | 5.3 | 0.546 | 4.378 | 0.368 | 0.526 | 0.326* |
A34 | PA, Wellsboro | N41°41′48″ | W77°27′18″ | 20 | 5.5 | 0.552 | 4.381 | 0.422 | 0.534 | 0.236* |
A35 | PA, Clarington | N41°20′27″ | W79°08′00″ | 20 | 5.6 | 0.522 | 4.409 | 0.352 | 0.504 | 0.326* |
A36 | PA, Warren | N41°42′04″ | W79°14′56″ | 20 | 4.4 | 0.516 | 3.782 | 0.433 | 0.497 | 0.161* |
A37 | NY, Castile | N42°36′28″ | W78°01′30″ | 20 | 5.2 | 0.587 | 4.386 | 0.442 | 0.568 | 0.246* |
A38 | NY, Bergen | N43°05′24″ | W78°02′00″ | 20 | 5.3 | 0.574 | 4.335 | 0.507 | 0.557 | 0.117* |
A39 | NY, Pulaski | N43°33′43″ | W76°11′40″ | 20 | 5.9 | 0.526 | 4.515 | 0.400 | 0.509 | 0.240* |
A40 | NY, Tupper Lake | N44°18′41″ | W74°43′16″ | 20 | 5.9 | 0.516 | 4.478 | 0.411 | 0.499 | 0.203* |
A41 | NY, Wilmington | N44°21′46″ | W73°50′32″ | 20 | 5.7 | 0.559 | 4.575 | 0.468 | 0.540 | 0.162* |
A42 | VT, Johnson | N44°39′11″ | W72°43′38″ | 20 | 5.8 | 0.577 | 4.673 | 0.417 | 0.557 | 0.277* |
A43 | NH, Bartlett | N44°04′30″ | W71°18′17″ | 20 | 5.4 | 0.499 | 4.184 | 0.444 | 0.485 | 0.111* |
A44 | ME, Freeport | N43°49′22″ | W70°05′36″ | 20 | 5.6 | 0.537 | 4.316 | 0.396 | 0.519 | 0.262* |
A45 | ME, Guilford | N45°15′53″ | W69°16′55″ | 20 | 5.4 | 0.560 | 4.422 | 0.405 | 0.542 | 0.277* |
A46 | ME, Millinocket | N45°35′47″ | W68°48′51″ | 20 | 5.2 | 0.548 | 4.154 | 0.467 | 0.532 | 0.149* |
A47 | ME, Seal Cove | N44°16′40″ | W68°22′45″ | 20 | 4.1 | 0.484 | 3.376 | 0.468 | 0.471 | 0.033 |
A48 | ME, New Harbor | N43°54′48″ | W69°29′12″ | 20 | 5.5 | 0.567 | 4.459 | 0.461 | 0.548 | 0.187* |
A49 | MA, Chelmsford | N42°33′31″ | W71°20′55″ | 20 | 5.3 | 0.536 | 4.359 | 0.473 | 0.521 | 0.117* |
A50 | MA, Taunton | N41°58′42″ | W71°04′52″ | 20 | 5.5 | 0.548 | 4.311 | 0.466 | 0.532 | 0.150* |
A51 | VT, Manchester | N43°07′41″ | W73°07′05″ | 20 | 5.9 | 0.559 | 4.659 | 0.487 | 0.543 | 0.128* |
A52 | MA, Shelburne Falls | N42°37′30″ | W72°46′13″ | 20 | 5.8 | 0.551 | 4.653 | 0.453 | 0.533 | 0.179* |
A53 | CT, Mansfield Center | N41°45′60″ | W72°10′47″ | 20 | 6.3 | 0.600 | 4.898 | 0.478 | 0.582 | 0.203* |
A54 | CT, Burlington | N41°46′14″ | W72°57′13″ | 20 | 5.0 | 0.497 | 4.070 | 0.443 | 0.483 | 0.109* |
A55 | MI, Alger | N44°04′04″ | W84°10′58″ | 20 | 5.2 | 0.559 | 4.306 | 0.489 | 0.543 | 0.125* |
A56 | MI, Pellston | N45°32′54″ | W84°41′58″ | 20 | 5.2 | 0.602 | 4.458 | 0.433 | 0.581 | 0.280* |
A57 | MI, White Pine | N46°44′89″ | W89°42′48″ | 20 | 6.2 | 0.592 | 4.843 | 0.453 | 0.572 | 0.235* |
A58 | MI, Marquette | N46°37′21″ | W87°28′20″ | 20 | 5.5 | 0.56 | 4.490 | 0.486 | 0.543 | 0.132* |
A59 | MI, Sault Ste. Marie | N46°21′23″ | W84°08′22″ | 20 | 6.1 | 0.536 | 4.884 | 0.432 | 0.518 | 0.195* |
A60 | MI, Bridgman | N41°54′17″ | W86°36′25″ | 12 | 4.6 | 0.501 | 4.302 | 0.367 | 0.475 | 0.268* |
Mean | 5.3 | 0.549 | 4.302 | 0.437 | 0.531 | 0.204 | ||||
SD | 0.5 | 0.033 | 0.300 | 0.038 | 0.032 | 0.061 |
Pop. = Population – the first letter of each population name refers to the continent in which the population was found, i.e. E = Europe (Czech Republic) and A = North America; populations in bold were classified as invasive within the adventive range; GPS coordinates of sampling sites are in WGS84; N – number of individuals sampled from each population; A – average number of alleles per locus; H S – mean gene diversity over all loci; R S – mean allelic richness; H O – observed heterozygosity; H E – expected heterozygosity; f(FIS) – inbreeding coefficient according to Weir and Cockerham [77]. Populations deviating from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium at P<0.05 are marked by asterisk. SD – standard deviation. The fine scale studies were performed at localities E1, E22, E28 and E30.