Table 4. Comparison of population genetic parameters between invasive and naturalized populations in the adventive range.

Diversity measure	Invasive	Naturalized	P
R S	4.330	4.137	0.073
H O	0.447	0.423	0.081
H S	0.565	0.540	0.034
F IS	0.210	0.217	0.734
F ST	0.019	0.032	0.256

Statistical comparison of allelic richness (R _S), observed heterozygosity (H _O), gene diversity (H _S), inbreeding coefficient (F _IS), and levels of differentiation among populations (F _ST) for the invasive (N  = 14) and naturalized populations (N  = 16) of Pinus strobus within its adventive range in Europe. Probability values for differences between invasive and naturalized populations are given for two-sided t-test, after 10,000 permutations. The analysis was performed using Fstat software. Significant differences are indicated in bold.