Table 1.
Hydrophobicity potentials of organic acids, furans and phenolics on cell physiology.
| Inhibitor | IUPAC Name | Molecular Formular | Molecular Weight (g/L) | Log P |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Acetic acid | Acetic acid | C2H4O2 | 60.05 | -0.32 |
| Formic acid | Formic acid | CH2O2 | 46.03 | -0.54 |
| Levulenic acid | 5-hydroxy-5-methyl-2-tetrahydrofuranone | C5H8O3 | 116.12 | 1.34 |
| HMF | 5-(hydroxymethyl)-2-furaldehyde | C6H6O3 | 126.11 | -0.37 |
| 2-furaldehyde | Furan-2-carbaldehyde | C5H4O2 | 96.08 | 0.41 |
| 4-Hydroxybenzoic acid | 4-Hydroxybenzoic acid | C7H6O3 | 138.12 | 1.56 |
| Ferulic acid | (E)-3-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-phenyl)prop-2-enoic acid | C10H10O4 | 194.18 | 1.641 |
| Syringic acid | 4-Hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxybenzoic acid | C8H10O5 | 198.17 | 1.129 |
| Vanillic acid | 4-Hydroxy-3-methoxybenzoic acid | C8H8O4 | 168.15 | 1.2014 |
| 4-Hydroxybenzaldehyde | 4-Hydroxybenzaldehyde | C7H6O2 | 122.12 | 1.392 |
| Syringaldehyde | 4-Hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxybenzaldehyde | C9H10O4 | 182.17 | 0.863 |
| Vanillin | 4-Hydroxy-3-methoxybenzaldehyde | C8H8O3 | 152.15 | 1.188 |
| Catechol | Pyrocatechol | C6H6O2 | 110.10 | 0.88 |
| 4-methyl catechol | 4-methyl catechol | C7H8O2 | 124.14 | 1.37 |
| Guaiacol | 2-methoxyphenol | C7H8O2 | 124.14 | 1.32 |
| Vanillyl alcohol | 4-Hydroxy-3-methoxybenzyl alcohol | C8H10O3 | 154.16 | 0.003 |
Log P is the partition coefficient of solvent in an equimolar mixture of octanol and water. It is a measure of hydrophobicity, which is the rate of interaction with non-polar molecules 90, 91. A high value of Log P is an indication of high hydrophobicity, and means the compound can readily translocate into the cell across the non-polar cell membrane, and as a consequent, the high inhibitory the compound. The Log P values of compounds were obtained from search on ChemSpider [Free Chemical Identifier Data Base; http://www.chemspider.com/].