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. 2013 Jul 5;9(6):649–655. doi: 10.7150/ijbs.6726

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© Ivyspring International Publisher. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/). Reproduction is permitted for personal, noncommercial use, provided that the article is in whole, unmodified, and properly cited.

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Fig 2 — 1,25-(OH)₂D₃ activates MMP13 expression in a time-dependent manner. ATDC5 chondrocytes were cultured in DMEM and treated with 10 nM of 1,25-(OH)₂D₃ for different time points as indicated. RNA was isolated and measured by quantitative real-time RT-PCR. Level of RNA from control group was normalized to a value of 1. Values are presented as the mean ±S.D. *: A star indicates statistical significance compared to control group.