Figure 1.

ATP oscillations are linked with both glycolysis and mitochondrial respiration. Either a glycolysis inhibitor iodoacetate or an inhibitor of mitochondrial respiration cyanide eliminates insulin-induced P_ACTIN-PxRe oscillations in ATDC5 cells. Bioluminescence monitoring of P_ACTIN-PxRe activity in ATDC5 cells was performed after chondrogenic induction with the chondrogenic medium (time = 0 h). About 24 hours after P_ACTIN-PxRe oscillations were initiated, ATDC5 cells were treated with iodoacetate or cyanide.