Table 3.

Active constituents and their biological activity of Punica peel.

Compound	Bioactivity	Reference
Major tannins of pomegranate peel
Casuarinin	Antiviral, antioxidant	[14]
Corilagin	Antihypertensive, antineoplastic	[14–16]
Ellagic acid [EA]	Antineoplastic, skin whitening	[17, 18]
Gallic acid	Antimutagenic, anti-inflammatory, antiviral, antioxidant	[17, 19]
Methyl gallate	Antioxidant	[20]
Granatin A	Antioxidant, anti-inflammatory	[21]
Granatin B	Antioxidant, anti-inflammatory	[21, 22]
Pedunculagin	Antineoplastic, antioxidant	[14]
Punicalagin	Antioxidant, antihypertensive, anti-hyperglycemic	[22–24]
Punicalin	Antioxidant, anti HIV, anti-hyperglycemic	[21–23]
Major flavonoids of pomegranate peel
Catechin	Antineoplastic, antioxidant	[25]
Cyanidin	Antioxidant	[26]
Epicatechin	Antineoplastic	[25]
Epigallocatechin 3-gallate	Antineoplastic	[25]
Flavan-3-ol	Antineoplastic	[25]
Kaempferol	Antioxidant, anti-inflammatory	[27]
Kaempferol-3-0-glucoside	Antioxidant	[27]
Kaempferol-3-0-rhamnoglycoside	Antihypertensive	[27]
Luteolin	Antioxidant, antioxidant	[27]
Luteolin-7-0-glucoside	Antioxidant	[27]
Naringin	Antiviral, antibacterial	[28]
Pelargonidin	Antiviral, antibacterial	[26]
Quercetin	Antiviral, antioxidant, antineoplastic	[29]
Rutin	Antiviral, antioxidant, antihypertensive	[29]
Major alkaloids of pomegranate peel
Pelletierine	Antioxidant	[30, 31]
Valoneic acid dilactone	Antidiabetic	[32]