Figure 4.

Flavonoids induce the phosphorylation of estrogen receptor. (a) Cultured astrocytes were serum starved for 3 hours with or without the pretreatment of ICI 182, 780 for another 3 hours. Then calycosin, isorhamnetin, luteolin, and genistein at 10 μM were applied onto the cell cultures for a different time. 17β-Estradiol (10 nM) served as the positive control. Total ERα and S118 phosphorylated ERα (both at ~66 kDa) were revealed by using specific antibodies. (b) Quantification plot for the phosphorylation level of ER induced by flavonoids. Data are Means ± SEM, n = 3, each with triplicate samples.