Table 1.
The bioactivities of flavonoids in increasing the protein levels of neurotrophic factors.
| Flavonoid | NGF | GDNF | BDNF |
|---|---|---|---|
| Flavanones | |||
| Alpinetin | +++ | ++ | + |
| Hesperidin | — | + | — |
| Naringenin | — | — | — |
| Naringin | — | +++ | — |
| Neohesperidin | — | ++ | — |
| Flavones | |||
| Apigenin | — | ++ | — |
| Baicalein | — | — | — |
| Luteolin | ++++ | ++++ | ++ |
| Tangeretin | ++ | — | — |
| Wogonin | — | — | — |
| Aurones | |||
| Sulfuretin | — | ++ | — |
| Dihydrochalcones | |||
| Phloretin | — | — | — |
| Flavonols | |||
| Silybin | ++++ | — | + |
| Chalcones | |||
| Cardamonin | + | ++ | — |
| Isoflavones | |||
| Calycosin | +++ | ++++ | +++ |
| Calycosin-7-O-glc | +++ | ++ | — |
| Daidzein | — | — | — |
| Formononetin | — | — | — |
| Genistein | ++++ | ++++ | ++ |
| Genistin | — | — | — |
| Puerarin | + | +++ | — |
| Flavones | |||
| (−)-Catechin | — | — | + |
| (−)-Epicatechin | — | — | — |
| Flavonols | |||
| Fisetin | +++ | — | + |
| Galangin | — | ++ | — |
| Hyperin | — | — | — |
| Icariin | — | — | + |
| Isorhamnetin | ++++ | ++++ | +++ |
| Kaempferol | + | + | + |
| Quercetin | — | + | — |
| RNFG | — | ++ | — |
| 173-estradiol | ++++ | ++++ | +++ |
Percentage of increas + > 100%, ++ > 200%, +++ > 300%, ++++ > 500%.
Flavonoids at 10 μM were applied to cultured rat astrocytes and maintained for 48 hours. The protein levels of NGF GDNF and BDNF were measured by ELISA. 17β-Estradiol at 100 nM served as the positive control. Data are Means ± SEM, n = 3, each with triplicate samples. The value of SEM is within 5% of the mean, which is not shown for clarity. “+” to “+++” indicate the ranking of the inductive effect on protein amount of neurotrophic factors. “—” indicates no effect, that is, below 10% increase in the tested activities.