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. 2013 Aug;19(8):1116–1128. doi: 10.1261/rna.037572.112

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© 2013; Published by Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press for the RNA Society

This article is distributed exclusively by the RNA Society for the first 12 months after the full-issue publication date (see http://rnajournal.cshlp.org/site/misc/terms.xhtml). After 12 months, it is available under a Creative Commons License (Attribution-NonCommercial 3.0 Unported), as described at http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/.

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FIGURE 1. — Types of adaptive fitness landscapes. On the left side of each panel, six positions in a hypothetical ribozyme are shown, with links indicating pairs of positions at which mutational effects are coupled. On the right side of each panel, a hypothetical data set is plotted, illustrating the type of relationship that might be observed between the product of the two single-mutant effects (x-axis) and the double-mutant effect (y-axis) on the catalytic rate of the ribozyme for each of the 15 possible pairs of positions. The line in each graph indicates the expected relationship between the product of two single-mutant effects and the double-mutant effect for independent positions. (A) Hypothetical illustration of a smooth adaptive fitness landscape. All 15 pairs of positions are independent, so that the product of the mutational effects at any two positions is always equal to the mutational effect of the double mutant. (B) Hypothetical illustration of an intermediate adaptive fitness landscape. Mutational effects at four pairs of positions are linked and at 11 pairs of positions are independent. (C) Hypothetical illustration of a rugged adaptive fitness landscape. All positions are linked to all other positions, so that the product of two single-mutant effects is rarely equal to the double-mutant effect.