Table 1.

Summary of findings of protein levels for each ISR protein examined

	Total		Cytoplasmic				Nuclear
			Neuronal		Astrocytic		Total		Astrocytic
ATF6β	↑	⇑	↑	⇑	↑	⇑	↔	⇔	↑	⇑
ATF6α*	↑*	⇔*	ND		ND		ND		ND
IRE1α*	↔*	⇔*	ND		ND		ND		ND
peIF2α	↑/↔*	⇑	↑	⇑	ND		ND		ND
ATF4	↓	⇔	↔	⇔	↑	⇑	↓	⇔	↔	⇔
CHOP*	↔*	⇔*	ND		ND		ND		ND
HSP70*	↔*	⇔*	ND		ND		ND		ND
	HAND vs. NcN	HIV(+) vs. HIV(−)	HAND vs. NcN	HIV(+) vs. HIV(−)	HAND vs. NcN	HIV(+) vs. HIV(−)	HAND vs. NcN	HIV(+) vs. HIV(−)	HAND vs. NcN	HIV(+) vs. HIV(−)

Closed arrows indicate changes observed in HAND tissue compared with neurocognitively normal tissue. Open arrows indicate changes observed in HIV(+) tissue compared with HIV(−) tissue. The symbols followed by * show results determined only by immunoblotting. For ATF6α, IRE1α, CHOP and HSP70 only immunoblotting and not IFA was conducted in this study. For peIF2α in HAND cases vs. neurocognitively normal cases, IFA and immunoblotting results disagreed with each other; IFA showed a significant but very slight increase (Figure 5A,B ) and immunoblotting showed no significant change (Figure 6).

ND, not determined; NcN, neurocognitively normal.