FIG. 1.

Effects of Newcastle disease virus (NDV) infection in 786-O and 786 VHL clear cell renal cell carcinoma cells. (A) Detection of the NDV nucleocapsid protein (NP) confirmed the presence of NDV infection in the cells. Anti-hemagglutinin (anti-HA) antibody was used to detect the presence of VHL protein containing an HA tag. (B) The plaque assay method was used to calculate the virus titers in the infected cell culture media. The titers are representative of experiments performed in triplicate. *p<0.05, **p<0.01.