Figure 1.

Responses of single preBötC neurons to holographic photostimulation. A, Holographic photostimulation (black triangle) elicits glutamate-evoked currents in a single neuron recorded in tetrodotoxin (1 μm). Representative inward currents increase in amplitude as a function of laser power, but decrease with xy distance from the soma. B–D, Glutamate-evoked current amplitude as a function of laser power and xy distance of the spot from the soma (n = 4–19) (B), z distance of the spot from the soma (n = 6) (C), and distance of the spot from the soma distally along a primary dendrite (n = 6) (D). Dotted lines in B–D represent rheobase. E, Representative preBötC inspiratory neuron responses to injected currents. F, Number of APs elicited by current steps (n = 5).