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. 2013 Jul 15;24(14):2201–2215. doi: 10.1091/mbc.E13-02-0076

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© 2013 Berends et al. This article is distributed by The American Society for Cell Biology under license from the author(s). Two months after publication it is available to the public under an Attribution–Noncommercial–Share Alike 3.0 Unported Creative Commons License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0).

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FIGURE 4: — TCC-1 inhibits cortical pulling forces, possibly through inhibition of GPA-16 localization at the plasma membrane. (A) Illustration of TCC-1 domain structure. (B and C) Transverse spindle pole movements during anaphase in (B) a normal (N2) and (C) tcc-1(RNAi) embryo. (D) Maximum amplitude of the anterior and posterior spindle pole during anaphase in N2 and tcc-1(RNAi) embryos. Average values (± SD; n ≥ 10). (E) Spindle pole positioning in N2 and tcc-1(RNAi) embryos, indicated by the position of the centrosomes, expressed as % egg length (x-axis) over time in seconds (y-axis). (F) Embryonic lethality observed in the depicted strains treated with RNAi for gfp or tcc-1 at 20°C. Average values (± SD) from experiments performed in duplicate with three hermaphrodites for each condition. (G) Left–right axis reversal of indicated strains at 20°C, treated with RNAi for either gfp or tcc-1. Average values (± SD) from 65 to 112 animals were scored for each condition. (H) Spindle pole peak velocities after severing the midzone spindle at anaphase onset with a UV laser. Values are shown for normal (N2) and tcc-1(RNAi) one-cell embryos. Average values are indicated for each pole (± SEM; N2: tcc-1: n = 17; RNAi: n = 31). (I) Control and tcc-1(RNAi) embryos stained for GPA-16 and DNA (DAPI). Note that GPA-16 localization is enriched at the plasma membrane in tcc-1(RNAi) embryos (arrows). The right panel shows a quantification of cortical GPA-16 enrichment measured at the contact between the AB and P2 cell. Average values are indicated (± SD; n = 14).