Table 2. Prevalence estimates.
| Definition | Male | Female | Total | Test statistics | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Clinically significant depression or anxiety | |||||
| Depression | PHQ-9 ≥ 10 | 8.3% (6.0–10.5) |
12.9% (10.4–15.4) |
10.8% (9.1–12.5) |
χ2(N = 1240, df = 1) = 6.8, p < .01 |
| Anxiety | GAD-7 ≥ 8 | 10.7% (8.1–13.2) |
17.9% (15.1–20.7) |
14.7% (12.7–16.6) |
χ2(N = 1266, df = 1) = 13.0, p < .001 |
| Comorbid depression and anxiety | PHQ-9 ≥ 10 and GAD-7 ≥ 8 | 5.7% (3.8–7.7) |
10.5% (8.1–12.8) |
8.3% (6.8–9.9) |
χ2(N = 1201, df = 1) = 8.8, p < .01 |
| Any disorder | PHQ-9 ≥ 10 and/or GAD-7 ≥ 8 | 13.3% (10.4–16.1) |
20.5% (17.4–23.6) |
17.2% (15.1–19.4) |
χ2(N = 1201, df = 1) = 10.8, p < .001 |
| Major depression or Generalized anxiety disorder | |||||
| Major depression | PHQ-9 algorithm | 3.4% (1.9–4.9) |
6.7% (4.8–8.6) |
5.2% (4.0–6.5) |
χ2(N = 1240, df = 1) = 6.82, p < .01 |
| GAD | GAD-Q-IV ≥ 5.7 | 6.6% (4.6–8.7) |
10.6% (8.3–12.8) |
8.8% (7.3–10.4) |
χ2(N = 1269, df = 1) = 6.13, p < .05 |
| Comorbid major depression and GAD | PHQ-9 algorithm and GAD-Q-IV ≥ 5.7 | 2.2% (1.0–3.5) |
3.8% (2.3–5.3) |
3.1% (2.1–4.1) |
χ2(N = 1195, df = 1) = 2.4, ns |
| Any disorder | PHQ-9 algorithm and/or GAD-Q-IV ≥ 5.7 | 8.0% (5.7–10.3) |
13.4% (10.8–16.0) |
11.0% (9.2–12.7) |
χ2(N = 1195, df = 1) = 8.8, p < .01 |
Notes.
95% confidence intervals are given in parenthesis. PHQ-9: 9-item Patient Health Questionnaire Depression Scale; GAD-7: 7-item Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale; GAD-Q-IV: Generalized Anxiety Disorder Questionnaire-IV.