Table 4. EuroQol (EQ-5D) distribution (percentage) among participant with depression and anxiety disorders, by comorbidity and single diagnosis.
| Clinically significant depression or anxiety | Major depression or GAD | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| EQ-5D dimension | Comorbidity | No comorbidity | Total | Test statistics | Comorbidity | No comorbidity | Total | Test statistics | |
| Mobility | No problem | 82 (82.8%) | 95 (88.8%) | 177 (85.9%) | χ2(N = 206, df = 2) = 1.57, ns | 32 (88.9%) | 78 (83.9%) | 110 (85.3%) | χ2(N = 129, df = 2) = .60, ns |
| Moderate | 16 (16.2%) | 11 (10.3%) | 27 (13.1%) | 4 (11.1%) | 13 (14.0%) | 17 (13.2%) | |||
| Severe | 1 (1.0%) | 1 (0.9%) | 2 (1.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 2 (2.2%) | 2 (1.6%) | |||
| Self-care | No problem | 92 (92.0%) | 103 (97.2%) | 195 (94.7%) | χ2(N = 206, df = 2) = 3.23, ns | 34 (91.9%) | 89 (95.7%) | 123 (94.6%) | χ2(N = 130, df = 2) = .82, ns |
| Moderate | 7 (7.0%) | 2 (1.9%) | 9 (4.4%) | 2 (5.4%) | 3 (3.2%) | 5 (3.8%) | |||
| Severe | 1 (1.0%) | 1 (0.9%) | 2 (1.0%) | 1 (2.7%) | 1 (1.1%) | 2 (1.5%) | |||
| Usual activities | No problem | 57 (57.0%) | 87 (81.3%) | 144 (69.6%) | χ2(N = 207, df = 2) = 15.4, p < .001 | 15 (40.5%) | 69 (74.2%) | 8.4 (64.6%) | χ2(N = 130, df = 2) = 15.6, p < .001 |
| Moderate | 37 (37.0%) | 15 (14.0%) | 52 (25.1%) | 20 (54.1%) | 18 (19.4%) | 38 (29.2%) | |||
| Severe | 6 (6.0%) | 5 (4.7%) | 11 (5.3%) | 2 (5.4%) | 6 (6.5%) | 8 (6.2%) | |||
| Pain/discomfort | No problem | 25 (25.0%) | 48 (45.3%) | 73 (35.4%) | χ2(N = 206, df = 2) = 10.7, p < .01 | 10 (27.0%) | 37 (39.8%) | 47 (36.2%) | χ2(N = 130, df = 2) = 2.3, ns |
| Moderate | 57 (57.0%) | 49 (46.2%) | 106 (51.5%) | 22 (59.5%) | 42 (45.2%) | 64 (49.2%) | |||
| Severe | 18 (18.0%) | 9 (8.5%) | 27 (13.1%) | 5 (13.5%) | 14 (15.1%) | 19 (14.6%) | |||
| Anxiety/depression | No problem | 2 (2.0%) | 13 (12.1%) | 15 (7.2%) | χ2(N = 207, df = 2) = 28.8, p < .001 | 0 (0.0%) | 5 (5.3%) | 5 (3.8%) | χ2(N = 130, df = 2) = 19.6, p < .001 |
| Moderate | 66 (66.0%) | 88 (82.2%) | 154 (74.4%) | 18 (50.0%) | 76 (80.9%) | 94 (72.3%) | |||
| Severe | 32 (32.0%) | 6 (5.6%) | 38 (18.4%) | 18 (50.0%) | 13 (13.8%) | 31 (23.8%) | |||
Notes.
‘Clinically significant depression and anxiety’ was defined as having a score of at least 10 on either or both of the PHQ-9 and the GAD-7. ‘Major depression or GAD’ was defined as either having a diagnosis of major depression using the PHQ-9 algorithm, or having a score of at least 5.7 on the GAD-Q-IV, or both. GAD: Generalized Anxiety Disorder. PHQ-9: 9-item Patient Health Questionnaire Depression Scale; GAD-7: 7-item Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale; GAD-Q-IV: Generalized Anxiety Disorder Questionnaire-IV.