Fig. 4.

IL-15 induces phosphorylation and nuclear translocation of p65 within 15 min after treatment. hCMEC/D3 cells were treated with either IL-15 (5 ng/ml) or TNF (5 ng/ml) for the indicated time. As control, cells were treated with neutralizing TNF (anti TNFα) or IL-15 antibodies (anti IL-15) as indicated. (A) Cells were fixed and stained with an anti-p65 antibody. Bar: 50 µm. Western blot analysis of cell extracts showed (B) phosphorylation of p65 after 15 min with IL-15 and TNF in the absence of neutralizing TNF antibody, but only for IL-15 and not TNF in the presence of neutralizing TNF antibody, and (C) phosphorylation and partial degradation of IκB. Data shown are representative of two independent experiments.