Table 1.
Estimated exposure and risk assessment for AFB1 in rice and OTA in pasta in Japan.
| Mycotoxin | Food | Age group | Consumption at the 95th percentile (g/kg bw/day) | Reduction during cooking (%) | Concentration of contamination a (µg/kg) | Dietary exposure to mycotoxin (ng/kg bw/day) at 95th percentile | PMTWI b (ng/kg bw/week) | Exposure/PMTWI (%) | Cancer risk d | Margin of Exposure e |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Afatoxin B1 | Rice | Toddlers and young children | 24.96 | 93.8 | 0.1 | 2.34 | - c | - | 0.040 | 107 |
| Older children | 18.96 | 93.8 | 0.1 | 1.78 | - | - | 0.031 | 141 | ||
| Adolescents | 14.16 | 93.8 | 0.1 | 1.33 | - | - | 0.023 | 188 | ||
| Adults | 12.74 | 93.8 | 0.1 | 1.20 | - | - | 0.021 | 209 | ||
| Ochratoxin A | Pasta | Toddlers and young children | 1.17 | 65.4 | 0.28 | 0.21 | 100 | 1.50 | - | 91 |
| Older children | 0.80 | 65.4 | 0.28 | 0.15 | 100 | 1.02 | - | 134 | ||
| Adolescents | 0.37 | 65.4 | 0.28 | 0.07 | 100 | 0.48 | - | 286 | ||
| Adults | 0.00 | 65.4 | 0.28 | 0.00 | 100 | 0.00 | - | ND f |
a The value was reported by surveillance results of AFL [8] and OTA [20]; b PMTWI:provisonal maximum tolerable weekly intake; c Since aflatoxin B1 is a genotoxin, the PMTWI could not be set; d Based on the calculated potency estimated (cancers/year per 100,000 people per ng/kg bw/day) by JECFA [25]; e Based on the calculated Benchmark dose lower limit 10% lower bound of AFB1 [26] (250 ng/kw bw/day) and OTA [27] (19.6 µg/kg bw/day); f ND:not determined.