Table 2.

Antimicrobial resistance profiles of enterococci from surface water and poultry litter samples from both broiler and layers barns.

Antimicrobial	Break-point (µg/mL)	Source	No. (%) of isolates resistant
			E. faecalis (n = 57)	E. faecium (n = 88)	E. gallinarum (n = 30)	E. hirae (n = 32)	E. durans (n = 11)	All other species (n = 32)
Chloramphenicol	≥32	Water	1 (1.8)	0	0	0	0	0
		Layers		0
		Broilers	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ciprofloxacin	≥4	Water	1 (1.8)	11 (12.5)	0	0	0	1
		Layers		22 (25)
		Broilers	0	25 (28.4)	2 (6.7)	1 (3.1)	0	0
Daptomycin	≥8	Water	0	0	0	1 (3.1)	0	9
		Layers		2 (2.3)
		Broilers	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tylosin	≥32	Water	2 (3.5)	0	0	1 (3.1)	3 (27.2)	0
		Layers		6 (6.8)
		Broilers	17 (29.8)	6 (6.8)	25 (83.3)	2 (6.3)	2 (18.2)	3
Erythromycin	≥8	Water	2 (3.5)	1 (1.1)	0	1 (3.1)	3 (27.2)	1
		Layers		6 (6.8)
		Broilers	17 (29.8)	8 (9.1)	25 (83.3)	2 (6.3)	2 (18.2)	3
Kanamycin	≥1,024	Water	1 (1.8)	1 (1.1)	0	1 (3.1)	0	0
		Layers		1 (1.1)
		Broilers	4 (7.0)	6 (6.8)	5 (16.7)	2 (6.3)	0	0
Streptomycin	>1,000	Water	1 (1.8)	1 (1.1)	0	0	3 (27.2)	0
		Layers		8 (9.1)
		Broilers	8 (14.0)	22 (25)	20 (66.7)	1 (3.1)	2 (18.2)	1
Lincomycin	>1,000	Water	24 (42.1)	13 (14.8)	2 (6.7)	4 (12.5)	9 (81.8)	29
		Layers		18 (20.5)
		Broilers	32 (56.1)	34 (38.6)		28 (87.5)	2 (18.2)	3
Nitrofurantoin	≥128	Water	0	2 (2.3)	0	1 (3.1)	4 (36.4)	0
		Layers		0
		Broilers	0	4 (4.5)	0	4 (12.5)	1 (0.9)	0
Penicillin	≥16	Water	0	5 (5.7)	0	1 (3.1)	0	0
		Layers		23 (26.1)
		Broilers	0	31 (35.2)	0	24 (75)	0	0
Synercid®	≥4	Water	24 (42.1)	1 (1.1)	0	1 (3.1)	0	1
		Layers		2 (2.3)
		Broilers	32 (56.1)	19 (21.6)	3 (10)	1 (3.1)	2 (18.2)	1
Tetracycline	≥16	Water	13 (22.8)	7 (8.0)	0	1 (3.1)	5 (45.5)	1
		Layers		13 (14.8)
		Broilers	22 (38.6)	31 (35.2)	27 (90)	27 (84.4)	2 (18.2)	2
Gentamicin	≥500	Water	0	0	0	0	0	0
		Layers		0
		Broilers	0	0	0	2 (6.3)	0	0