Table 1. Summary of the evidence for and against the hypothesis that the persistent residual viraemia in HAART-treated patients originates from a single source.

Persistent viraemia originated from one source (resting T-cells)	References
• Viral genomes recovered from persistent viraemia show little variation	Bailey et al. (2006); Joos et al. (2008); Ruff et al. (2002)
• HAART intensification does not reduce residual viraemia	Dinoso et al. (2009b); Gandhi et al. (2010); Hatano et al. (2011); McMahon et al. (2010)
Multiple sources contribute to persistent viraemia
• Persistent HIV-1 infection has been found within different parts of the body	See text
• Viral sequences distinct from those isolated from resting T-cells are found	Bailey et al. (2006); Brennan et al. (2009); Sahu et al. (2009)
• HAART intensification increased 2-LTR circles from PBMCs	Buzón et al. (2010)
• HAART intensification reduced HIV-1 RNA within the ileum	Yukl et al. (2010)