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. 2013 May 24;14(6):10926–10943. doi: 10.3390/ijms140610926

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© 2013 by the authors; licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland

This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/).

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Licochalcone E (LicE) inhibits TPA-induced ear edema formation in mice. LicE (0, 0.5, 1, or 2 mg) was topically applied to the mouse ear 1 h prior to the topical application of 5 nmoles of TPA (4 h). (A) The weights of 6 mm-diameter ear punch samples were measured. Each bar represents the mean ± SEM (n = 10); (B) Ear sections were stained with hematoxylin and eosin (H&E). Representative images of H&E stained ear sections are shown; (C) Ear sections were stained with an antibody raised against iNOS or COX-2 and counterstained with hematoxylin. Representative images of the immunohistochemical analysis are shown; (D) The total number of hematoxylin-stained nucleus/field was counted and set at 100%. The number of iNOS- or COX-2-positive cells were expressed as a percentage of the total number of cells. Each bar represents the mean ± SEM (n = 3). Means without a common symbol are statistically different (p < 0.05). DEXA, dexamethasone.

Licochalcone E (LicE) inhibits TPA-induced ear edema formation in mice. LicE (0, 0.5, 1, or 2 mg) was topically applied to the mouse ear 1 h prior to the topical application of 5 nmoles of TPA (4 h). (A) The weights of 6 mm-diameter ear punch samples were measured. Each bar represents the mean ± SEM (n = 10); (B) Ear sections were stained with hematoxylin and eosin (H&E). Representative images of H&E stained ear sections are shown; (C) Ear sections were stained with an antibody raised against iNOS or COX-2 and counterstained with hematoxylin. Representative images of the immunohistochemical analysis are shown; (D) The total number of hematoxylin-stained nucleus/field was counted and set at 100%. The number of iNOS- or COX-2-positive cells were expressed as a percentage of the total number of cells. Each bar represents the mean ± SEM (n = 3). Means without a common symbol are statistically different (p < 0.05). DEXA, dexamethasone.