Table 1.
Associations between Wnt1, membranous and cytoplasmic β-Catenin protein overexpression defined as immunohistochemical expression scores above the mean in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) tissue with tumor and patient characteristics.
| Parameter | Overall (n = 278) | Wnt1 low # (n = 165) | Wnt1 high # (n = 106) | p-Value | Membranous β-Catenin low # (n = 186) | Membranous β-Catenin high # (n = 70) | p-Value | Cytoplasmic β-Catenin low # (n = 225) | Cytoplasmic β-Catenin high # (n = 31) | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (mean ± SD; years) | 62.2 (±12.5) | 61.4 (±12.9) | 63.9 (±11.6) | 0.12 | 61.8 (±12.6) | 64.2 (±12.3) | 0.17 | 62.2 (±12.7) | 64.1 (±11.7) | 0.57 |
| Gender (Male/Female; %) | 194/84 (69.8/30.2) | 108/57 (65.5/34.5) | 80/26 (75.5/24.5) | 0.08 | 134/52 (72.0/28.0) | 43/27 (61.4/38.6) | 0.11 | 157/68 (69.8/30.2) | 20/11 (64.5/35.5) | 0.56 |
| Total deaths (%) | 113 (41.4) | 66 (59.5) | 45 (40.5) | 0.80 | 72 (67.9) | 34 (32.1) | 0.20 | 89 (84.0) | 17 (16.0) | 0.11 |
| Cancer related deaths (%) | 65 (23.8) | 41 (64.1) | 23 (35.9) | 0.56 | 39 (66.1) | 20 (33.9) | 0.24 | 47 (79.7) | 12 (20.3) | 0.04 * |
| Tumor Diameter (mean ± SD; cm) | 5.26 (±2.91) | 4.9 (±2.6) | 5.8 (±3.0) | 0.01 * | 5.3 (±2.8) | 5.4 (±2.8) | 0.87 | 5.2 (±2.7) | 6.4 (±2.9) | 0.01 * |
| Stage (T1/2 vs. T3/4, %) | 169/109 (60.8/39.2) | 114/51 (69.1/30.9) | 50/56 (47.2/52.8) | 0.004 * | 119/67 (64.0/36.0) | 34/36 (48.6/61.4) | 0.03 * | 144/81 (64.0/36.0) | 9/22 (29.0/71.0) | 0.003 * |
| Lymph Nodes (N0 vs. N1/2, %) | 265/13 (95.3/4.7) | 157/8 (95.2/4.8) | 101/5 (95.3/4.7) | 1.0 | 180/6 (96.8/3.2) | 64/6 (91.4/8.6) | 0.10 | 217/8 (96.4/3.6) | 27/4 (87.1/12.9) | 0.04 * |
| Distant Metastasis (M0 vs. M1, %) | 239/39 (86.0/14.0) | 140/25 (84.85/15.15) | 93/13 (86.0/14.0) | 0.59 | 159/27 (85.5/14.5) | 61/9 (87.1/12.9) | 0.84 | 193/32 (85.8/14.2) | 27/4 (87.1/12.9) | 1.0 |
| Grade (G1/2 vs. G3/4, %) | 234/44 (84.2/15.8) | 136/29 (82.0/17.6) | 92/14 (86.8/13.2) | 0.40 | 162/24 (87.1/12.9) | 53/17 (75.7/24.3) | 0.04 * | 199/26 (88.4/11.6) | 16/15 (51.6/48.4) | ≤0.001 * |
| Vascular invasion (no/yes, %) | 193/85 (69.4/30.6) | 124/41 (75.15/24.85) | 64/42 (60.4/39.6) | 0.02 * | 137/49 (73.7/26.3) | 39/31 (55.7/44.3) | 0.01 * | 163/62 (72.4/27.6) | 13/18 (41.9/58.1) | 0.002 * |
| Perinephric Invasion (%) | 47 (16.9) | 157/8 (95.1/4.9) | 94/12 (88.7/11.3) | 0.06 | 171/15 (91.9/8.1) | 66/4 (94.3/5.7) | 0.60 | 208/17 (92.4/7.6) | 29/2 (93.55/6.45) | 1.0 |
| Sinus Invasion (%) | 65 (23.4) | 143/22 (86.7/13.3) | 89/17 (84.0/16.0) | 0.60 | 157/29 (84.4/15.6) | 62/8 (88.6/11.4) | 0.55 | 194/31 (86.2/13.8) | 25/6 (80.65/19.35) | 0.42 |
| Necrosis (%) | 114 (41.0) | 100/65 (60.6/39.4) | 59/47 (55.7/44.3) | 0.45 | 114/72 (61.3/38.7) | 33/37 (47.1/52.9) | 0.04 * | 133/92 (59.1/40.9) | 14/17 (45.2/54.8) | 0.18 |
| Sarcomatoid features (%) | 19 (6.8) | 152/13 (92.1/7.9) | 100/6 (93.0/7.0) | 0.63 | 175/11 (94.1/5.9) | 63/7 (93.0/7.0) | 0.28 | 213/12 (94.7/5.3) | 25/6 (80.65/19.35) | 0.01 * |
#
the immunohistochemical staining score in tumor samples was used as a cut-off to define low (≤mean) and high (>mean) protein expression;
*
indicates significance p < 0.05.