Table 1.
Baseline Characteristics of the Study Population
| Characteristic | All Patients (n = 2288) | Rounded SHFM Score | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| –1 (n = 264) | 0 (n = 1313) | 1 (n = 621) | 2 (n = 90) | ||
| Age, mean (SD) | 59.1 (12.6) | 52.5 (12.3) | 58.1 (12.2) | 62.5 (12.0) | 67.7 (11.7) |
| Sex, No. (%) | |||||
| Female | 648 (28.3) | 87 (33.0) | 410 (31.2) | 143 (23.0) | 8 (8.9) |
| Male | 1640 (71.7) | 177 (67.0) | 903 (68.8) | 478 (77.0) | 82 (91.1) |
| Race, No. (%) | |||||
| Black or African American | 739 (32.8) | 92 (35.7) | 424 (32.9) | 196 (31.9) | 27 (30.0) |
| White | 1394 (61.9) | 156 (60.5) | 789 (61.2) | 390 (63.4) | 59 (65.6) |
| Other or missing | 120 (5.3) | 10 (3.9) | 77 (6.0) | 29 (4.7) | 4 (4.4) |
| NYHA class, No. (%) | |||||
| II | 1457 (63.7) | 249 (94.3) | 978 (74.5) | 219 (35.3) | 11 (12.2) |
| III | 811 (35.5) | 15 (5.7) | 335 (25.5) | 394 (63.4) | 67(74.4) |
| IV | 20 (0.9) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 8 (1.3) | 12 (13.3) |
| Etiology of heart failure, No. (%) | |||||
| Ischemic | 1176 (514) | 66 (25.0) | 634 (48.3) | 406 (65.4) | 70 (77.8) |
| Nonischemic | 1112 (48.6) | 198 (75.0) | 679 (51.7) | 215 (34.6) | 20 (22.2) |
| Ejection fraction, mean (SD) | 25.2 (7.5) | 26.7 (6.7) | 25.8 (7.6) | 23.5 (7.1) | 23.4 (7.5) |
| Systolic blood pressure, mean (SD), mm Hg | 114.2 (18.4) | 128.7 (19.3) | 115.4 (17.2) | 107.2 (16.2) | 104.3 (17.2) |
| Diastolic blood pressure, mean (SD), mm Hg | 70.5 (11.3) | 78.8 (12.4) | 71.1 (10.6) | 66.5 (10.2) | 63.8 (8.7) |
| Laboratory, mean (SD) | |||||
| Total cholesterol, mg/dL | 167.6 (45.2) | 184.9 (41.8) | 172.1 (44.4) | 154.7 (43.0) | 135.3 (43.1) |
| Hemoglobin, g/dL | 13.5 (1.6) | 14.4 (1.3) | 13.7 (1.5) | 12.9 (1.7) | 11.9 (1.7) |
| Medications, No. (%) | |||||
| ACE inhibitor | 1701(77.6) | 222 (84.1) | 996 (75.86) | 438 (70.5) | 45 (50.0) |
| Angiotensin receptor blocker | 537 (23.5) | 61 (23.1) | 308 (23.5) | 144 (23.2) | 24 (26.7) |
| β-Blocker | 2163 (94.5) | 264 (100.0) | 1269 (96.7) | 550 (88.6) | 80 (88.9) |
| Loop diuretic | 1776 (77.6) | 160 (60.6) | 971 (74.0) | 560 (90.2) | 85 (94.4) |
| Lipid-lowering agent | 1074(46.9) | 165 (62.5) | 664 (50.57) | 213 (34.3) | 32 (35.6) |
| Spironolactone/eplerenone | 1,030 (45.0) | 167 (63.3) | 594 (45.2) | 238 (38.3) | 31 (34.4) |
| Automatic ICD, No. (%) | 917 (40.1) | 129 (48.9) | 499 (38.0) | 251 (40.4) | 38 (42.2) |
Abbreviations: ACE, angiotensin-converting enzyme; ICD, implantable cardioverter-defibrillator; NYHA, New York Heart Association; SHFM, Seattle Heart Failure Model.