TABLE 3.
Adipose tissue expression of genes encoding mediators of inflammation in overweight to moderately obese men and women before and after 14 wk of consuming a diet rich in n3 PUFAs vs. a control diet low in n3 PUFAs1
| mRNA copies |
P value (RM-ANOVA) |
||||
| Post lead-in period (CRC1) | Post ad libitum period (CRC3) | Time | Time × treatment | Time × weight change | |
| n/ng total mRNA | |||||
| TNFα | |||||
| Control | 7.99 (7.14, 9.39) | 8.70 (7.33, 9.32) | 0.91 | 0.70 | 0.42 |
| n3 PUFA | 7.75 (6.99, 9.87) | 8.87 (7.58, 12.2) | |||
| IL6 | |||||
| Control | 23.3 (22.1, 34.1) | 26.4 (16.9, 37.3) | 0.11 | 0.10 | 0.79 |
| n3 PUFA | 24.1 (20.6, 56.1) | 20.6 (14.5, 24.8) | |||
| CD14 | |||||
| Control | 256 ± 52.5 | 277 ± 85.1 | 0.21 | 0.96 | 0.42 |
| n3 PUFA | 296 ± 76.5 | 317 ± 92.3 | |||
| CCL2 | |||||
| Control | 2520 (2180, 3030) | 2370 (1930, 5230) | 0.19 | 0.95 | 0.72 |
| n3 PUFA | 2230 (1410, 2600) | 2220 (1990, 2870) | |||
| ADIPOQ | |||||
| Control | 7310 ± 1800 | 6950 ± 1960 | 0.38 | 0.89 | 0.04 |
| n3 PUFA | 7630 ± 1340 | 7470 ± 1870 | |||
| ICAM1 | |||||
| Control | 55.7 (49.4, 62.8) | 58.9 (49.7, 67.1) | 0.90 | 0.61 | 0.87 |
| n3 PUFA | 61.6 (52.5, 66.5) | 58.2 (44.5, 59.5) | |||
| SAA1 | |||||
| Control | 17,400 ± 8660 | 14,400 ± 9060 | 0.81 | 0.59 | 0.05 |
| n3 PUFA | 15,500 ± 7590 | 14,400 ± 9470 | |||
| CD206 | |||||
| Control | 214 ± 53.4 | 226 ± 53.4 | 0.82 | 0.64 | 0.59 |
| n3 PUFA | 248 ± 30.1 | 251 ± 51.7 | |||
| CD284 | |||||
| Control | 161 ± 27.6 | 167 ± 21.1 | 0.27 | 0.30 | 0.21 |
| n3 PUFA | 165 ± 40.4 | 155 ± 39.6 | |||
| PAI-1 | |||||
| Control | 14.2 (6.88, 20.4) | 13.4 (10.9, 16.5) | 0.97 | 0.30 | 0.14 |
| n3 PUFA | 15.6 (7.35, 19.5) | 12.1 (6.41, 32.5) | |||
| NOS2 | |||||
| Control | 1.38 (1.03, 3.77) | 1.71 (1.35, 3.59) | 0.49 | 0.99 | 0.12 |
| n3 PUFA | 1.68 (1.19, 4.62) | 2.62 (1.41, 4.28) | |||
| NOS3 | |||||
| Control | 23.2 ± 8.26 | 21.4 ± 4.94 | 0.56 | 0.71 | 0.83 |
| n3 PUFA | 21.7 ± 6.41 | 21.2 ± 6.58 | |||
| HAS2 | |||||
| Control | 480 ± 154 | 538 ± 136 | 0.35 | 0.30 | 0.66 |
| n3 PUFA | 430 ± 147 | 426 ± 131 | |||
1
Values are means ± SDs or medians (IQRs); n = 13 (control) or n = 11 (n3 PUFAs). ADIPOQ, adiponectin; CCL2, chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2; CD, cluster of differentiation; CRC, Clinical Research Center; HAS2, hyaluronan synthase 2; ICAM1, intercellular adhesion molecule 1; IL6, interleukin 6; NOS2, inducible nitric oxide synthase; NOS3, endothelial nitric oxide synthase; PAI-1, plasminogen activator inhibitor 1; RM-ANOVA, repeated-measures ANOVA; SAA1, serum amyloid A1; TNFα, tumor necrosis factor α.