Table 4.
Neuropsychological assessment of the Patient No. 1
| Age at examination, years/months (years since onset)
|
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|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 57/10 (8) | 58/5 (9) | 59/0 (9) | 59/6 (10) | 60/1 (11) | 60/11 (11) | |
|
| ||||||
| Global measures | ||||||
| MMSE (max. 30 p.) | 28 | 24 | 21 | 20 | 11 | 5 |
| BDRS (max. 28 p.) | 6 | 11 | 17 | 16.5 | 20 | 25 |
| ACE-R global score (max.100 points) | NA | 82 | 71 | 51 | NA | NA |
| ACE-R attention and orientation (max.18 p.) | NA | 18 | 17 | 12 | NA | NA |
| ACE-R memory (max.26 p.) | NA | 20 | 19 | 14 | NA | NA |
| ACE-R verbal fluency (max. 14 p.) | NA | 5 | 3 | 2 | NA | NA |
| ACE-R language function (max.26 p.) | NA | 24 | 19 | 15 | NA | NA |
| ACE-R visuospatial function (max.16 p.) | NA | 15 | 13 | 8 | NA | NA |
|
| ||||||
| Executive function | ||||||
| WCST - Categories attained (max. 6) | 0 | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| FAB (max. 18 points) | NA | NA | 4 | NA | NA | NA |
| Stroop test (interference: % of errors) | NA | 17% | 54% | NA | NA | NA |
| Luria’a alternate design (% of errors) | NA | 30% | 91% | NA | NA | NA |
|
| ||||||
| Attention and memory | ||||||
| Digit Span forward (WAIS-R) - max. span | 5 | 6 | 5 | 5 | NA | 3 |
| Digit Span backward (WAIS-R) - max. span | 3 | 3 | 3 | 2 | NA | NA |
| TMT A (T-score) | 59 | 65 | >100 | >100 | NA | NA |
| TMT B (T-score) | 67 | 86 | >100 | NA 1 | NA | NA |
| TMT B-A (T-score) | 8 | 21 | 0 | NA | NA | NA |
| TMT B (errors) | 2 | 2 | 12 | NA | NA | NA |
| AVLT-learning curve | 5-8-10-9-12 | 4-5-7-9-9 | 4-5-7-8-7 | 5-5-4-6-6 | NA | NA |
| AVLT-recognition | 12 | 8 | 3 | 0 | NA | NA |
| AVLT-delayed recall | 10 | 10 | 6 | 0 | NA | NA |
| AVLT-retention (%) | 83 | 90 | 75 | 0 | NA | NA |
| AVLT-sum of intrusions | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | NA | NA |
| AVLT-delayed recognition (false positives) | 13 (3) | 15 (11) | 14 (29) | 15 (30) | NA | NA |
| HVLT-learning curve | NA | 4-6-8 | 3-3-3 | 3-5-6 | NA | NA |
| HVLT-delayed recall | NA | 6 | 3 | 0 | NA | NA |
| HVLT-delayed recognition | NA | 2 | 0 | 2 | NA | NA |
| HVLT-retention (%) | NA | 75 | 100 | 0 | NA | NA |
| Rey/ Taylor CFT-after 3 min. (%) | NA | 96 | 95 | 44 | NA | NA |
| Information (WAIS-R) - Scaled Score | 10 | NA | 11 | NA | 3 | NA |
|
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| Visuospatial functioning | ||||||
| CFT-Rey/Taylor-copy (raw score) | 33 | 28.5 | 30 | 26 | 16 | NA |
| Line bisection (average deviation in mm | NA | 6.77 | 5.03 | 5.62 | 17.8 | NA |
| Mesulam cancellation test (max. 30; left/right) | NA | NA | 26/28 | 0/9 | 0/6 | NA |
| BIT- letter cancellation: omissions from the left to the right | NA | 1-1-1-0 | 3-4-4-5 | 10-6-3-4 | 10-10-10-6 | NA |
| VST-Upper left / right quadrant: time in seconds | NA | 42/18 | 25/12 | 136/10 | NA | NA |
| VST-Lower left / right quadrant: time in seconds | NA | 16/9 | 13/13 | 23/19 | NA | NA |
|
| ||||||
| Verbal fluency | ||||||
| Semantic fluency trials (animals, plants) | 19 | 9 | 9 | 4 | 3 | 0 |
| Phonemic fluency trials ( K”, P”) | 9 | 6 | 3 | 5 | 3 | 0 |
ACE-R, Addenbrooke’s Cognitive Examination - Revised; AVLT, Auditory Verbal Learning Test; BDI, Beck Depression Inventory; BIT, Behavioural Inattention Test; BDRS, Blessed Dementia Rating Scale; CFT, Complex Figure Test; FA, false alarms; FAB, Frontal Assessment Battery; HVLT, Hopkins Verbal Learning Test; MMSE, Mini Mental State Examination; NA, not available; p, points; TMT, Trail Making Test; VST, Visual Search Task, WAIS-R, Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale - Revised; WCST, Wisconsin Card Sorting Test;
1
after poor execution of an example TMT B, the test was discontinued