Table 1.
Study Population Characteristics
| Heart Failure Patients N=11 |
|
|---|---|
| Age (years) | 50.8± 3.4 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 27.9±1.7 |
| Female | 4 |
| Duration of HF (years) | 9.3±1.9 |
| Peak VO2 (ml/kg/min) | 11.6±2.5 |
| LVEF (%) | 23.3±2.5 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 4 |
| Hypertension | 4 |
| Etiology of HF | |
| CAD | 6 |
| Idiopathic | 3 |
| Alcohol | 1 |
| Noncompaction | 1 |
| Familial | 0 |
| Medications | |
| Beta-blockers | 10 |
| ACEI | 10 |
| ARB | 1 |
| Statin | 6 |
| Aldosterone antagonist | 9 |
| Aspirin | 6 |
| Clopidogrel | 1 |
| Furosemide | 9 |
| Digoxin | 5 |
| Amiodarone | 2 |
| Biventricular pacemaker | 6 |
| MSNA (bursts/min) | 40.9±3.4 |
ACEI=angiotensin inhibitor, ARB=angiotensin receptor blocker, BMI=body mass index, CAD=coronary artery disease, HF=heart failure, LVEF=left ventricular ejection fraction, MSNA=muscle sympathetic nerve activity, peak VO2=peak oxygen consumption. Values are means±SEM.