Figure 5. Transcriptional activation of potential stress markers in G. mellonella following L. monocytogenes infection. Transcriptional levels of putative markers of immune and stress responses and neuronal repair mechanisms following the infection of G. mellonella larvae with L. monocytogenes. Expression levels were determined by quantitative real-time RT-PCR and their significant induction are shown relative to control larvae injected with 0.9% NaCl. The selected ESTs from Table 1 include (A) Contig 17373_1.exp, Contig 03093_1.exp, Contig 16593_1.f1.exp, Contig 1489.0, Contig 15219_1.exp, Contig 2799.0, Contig 01172_1.exp, Contig 07949_1.exp, and (B) Contig 19101_1.f1.exp, Contig 20595_1.exp, Contig 15265_1.f1.exp, Contig 14128_1.exp, Contig 704.0, Contig 233.0, Contig 17493_1.exp, Contig 02810_1.f1.exp. Values were normalized against expression levels of the housekeeping gene 18S r-RNA. The experiment was repeated three times with similar results. (*P < 0.05; **P < 0.005; ***P < 0.0005).