Table 2.

Patient outcomes

	LESSC (n = 298)	TPLC (n = 315)	P value
Conversions to open surgery	2	2	1.0000
EBL (mL)	14 ± 6.0	15 ± 4.0	0.2643
Gallbladder perforation during surgery	56	6	< 0.001
Operating time (min)	54.8 ± 11.0	33.5 ± 9.0	< 0.001
Operating time of the last 100 cases (min)	34.3 ± 6.0	32.7 ± 8.7	0.1589
VAS (1–10)
8 h after surgery	2.3 ± 1.4	2.3 ± 1.3	1.0000
Day 1	1.2 ± 0.4	1.3 ± 1.2	0.2042
Complications
Contusion at incision	19	25	0.4540
Hematoma at incision	11	19	0.1790
Hospital stay (d)	1.4 ± 0.2	1.4 ± 0.7	1.0000
Cosmetic result	98%	85%	0.0010
Total cost (USD)	1933.7 ± 64.4	1874.7 ± 46.2	< 0.0010
Total cost of the last 100 cases (USD)	1881.3 ± 32.8	1876.2 ± 33.4	0.0571

EBL: Estimated blood loss; LESSC: Laparoendoscopic single site cholecystectomy; TPLC: Three-port laparoscopic cholecystectomy; VAS: Visual analogue score.