Table 2.
Bivariate and multivariate analysis of individual, relational, and environmental-structural variables on the outcome: adherence to ARVs (n = 632)
| % Adherent | UOR | (95% CI) | p-value | AOR | (95% CI) | p-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Individual variables |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Sociodemographics |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Age [range = 19-67 years; median = 42] |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| 19-35 |
78% |
1.00 |
|
|
1.00 |
|
|
| 36-41 |
81% |
1.20 |
(.67 - 2.12) |
0.543 |
1.40 |
(.59 - 3.33) |
0.451 |
| 42-47 |
87% |
1.88 |
(1.04 - 3.38) |
0.037 |
1.86 |
(.88 - 3.95) |
0.104 |
| 48-67 |
85% |
1.57 |
(.89 - 2.79) |
0.122 |
1.52 |
(.72 - 3.22) |
0.268 |
|
Race |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| White |
86% |
1.00 |
|
|
1.00 |
|
|
| Non-White (Black, Brown, Other) |
82% |
0.72 |
(.44 - 1.89) |
0.200 |
0.82 |
(.43 - 1.59) |
0.562 |
|
Education |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Primary or less |
80% |
1.00 |
|
|
1.00 |
|
|
| Secondary |
86% |
1.52 |
(.97 - 2.39) |
0.068 |
1.19 |
(.92 - 1.53) |
0.187 |
| University or more |
88% |
1.90 |
(.95 - 3.80) |
0.070 |
0.89 |
(.58 - 1.36) |
0.580 |
|
Sexual orientation |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Heterosexual |
81% |
1.00 |
|
|
1.00 |
|
|
| Other (Homosexual, Bi, Trans) |
86% |
1.42 |
(.92 - 2.20) |
0.116 |
1.08 |
(.58 - 1.99) |
0.817 |
|
Relationship status |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| No Steady Partner |
84% |
1.00 |
|
|
1.00 |
|
|
| With Steady Partner |
82% |
0.85 |
(.56 - 1.29) |
0.455 |
0.73 |
(.46 - 1.14) |
0.167 |
|
Partner HIV status |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| HIV negative |
84% |
1.00 |
|
|
1.00 |
|
|
| HIV positive |
79% |
0.71 |
(.40 - 1.26) |
0.244 |
0.71 |
(.43 - 1.17) |
0.178 |
|
Number of children |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| 0 |
85% |
1.00 |
|
|
1.00 |
|
|
| 1 |
89% |
1.40 |
(.73 - 2.69) |
0.315 |
2.29 |
(1.33 - 3.94) |
0.003 |
| >=2 |
78% |
0.65 |
(.42 - 1.03) |
0.066 |
1.25 |
(.78 - 2.01) |
0.363 |
|
Religion |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Catholic |
83% |
1.00 |
|
|
1.00 |
|
|
| Evangelical |
82% |
0.94 |
(.56 - 1.59) |
0.824 |
1.12 |
(.60 - 2.09) |
0.731 |
| Other (Espirita, Afro-Brazilian, other) |
84% |
1.03 |
(.59 - 1.80) |
0.914 |
0.91 |
(.30 - 2.72) |
0.862 |
| None |
84% |
1.05 |
(.53 - 2.08) |
0.886 |
1.04 |
(.47 - 2.32) |
0.921 |
|
Length of time on ARVs |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| 0-1 yrs |
80% |
1.00 |
|
|
1.00 |
|
|
| 2-6 yrs |
85% |
1.50 |
(.86 - 2.64) |
0.155 |
1.53 |
(.88 - 2.65) |
0.128 |
| 7-23 yrs |
84% |
1.30 |
(.78 - 2.17) |
0.307 |
1.11 |
(.73 - 1.67) |
0.629 |
|
Psychosocial variables |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Depression |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| No (<11) |
83% |
1.00 |
|
|
1.00 |
|
|
| Depressed (>11) |
83% |
0.98 |
(.62 - 1.54) |
0.932 |
0.89 |
(.51 - 1.54) |
0.678 |
|
Anxiety |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| No (<11) |
86% |
1.00 |
|
|
1.00 |
|
|
| Anxiety (>11) |
79% |
0.61 |
(.40 - .93) |
0.021 |
0.76 |
(.51 - 1.54) |
0.177 |
|
Relational variable |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Social support |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Low |
76% |
1.00 |
|
|
1.00 |
|
|
| Medium |
82% |
1.46 |
(.91 - 2.33) |
0.119 |
1.47 |
(.93 - 2.31) |
0.096 |
| High |
91% |
3.13 |
(1.67 -5.88) |
0.000 |
2.85 |
(1.50 - 5.41) |
0.001 |
|
Environmental-structural variables |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Asset index |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Low (1-7) |
78% |
1.00 |
|
|
1.00 |
|
|
| High (8-23) |
91% |
2.89 |
(1.77 -4.73) |
0.000 |
2.47 |
(1.79 - 3.40) |
0.000 |
|
Savings |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| No |
81% |
1.00 |
|
|
1.00 |
|
|
| Yes |
91% |
2.40 |
(1.30 -4.42) |
0.005 |
1.81 |
(.93 - 3.53) |
0.079 |
|
Gender |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Male |
86% |
1.00 |
|
|
1.00 |
|
|
| Female |
76% |
0.53 |
(.35 - .81) |
0.004 |
0.58 |
(0.38 - .88) |
0.011 |
| Transgender | 100% | Predicts perfectly | Predicts perfectly |
UOR Unadjusted Odds Ratio, CI Confidence Interval, AOR Adjusted Odds Ratio.