Western blots of p38 MAPK and phospho-p38 MAPK proteins in N2a cells (A) and primary neurons (B) after 30 min of pretreatment with 2.5 μM or 5 μM of SB203580 followed by 1 h of KCl depolarization. C and D. Quantitative analysis of relative changes in p38 MAPK and phospho-p38 MAPK proteins as shown in A and B. Whereas 1 h of KCl stimulation induced a significant rise in both p38 MAPK and phospho-p38 MAPK protein expression, pretreatment with either 2.5 μM or 5 μM of SB203580 prevented the up-regulation of both p38 MAPK and phospho-p38 MAPK induced by 1 h of KCl. Five μM of SB203580 significantly reduced phospho-38 MAPK to below control levels. E and F. Western blots of phospho-p38 MAPK and JNK proteins, respectively, in N2a cells after 30 min of 5 μM SB203580 or 1 μM of JNKI-1 treatment. G and H. Quantitative analysis of relative changes in phospho-p38 MAPK and JNK, respectively, as shown in E and F. Both phospho-p38 MAPK and JNK proteins were significantly decreased by either SB203580 or JNKI-1, but phospho-p38 MAPK was reduced more by SB203580, and total JNK was greatly reduced by JNKI-1. * P < 0.05, ** P < 0.01, *** P < 0.001 as compared to controls. # P < 0.05, ## P < 0.01 as compared to KCl treatment alone.