Figure - PMC

Skip to main content

An official website of the United States government

Here's how you know

Here's how you know

Official websites use .gov
A .gov website belongs to an official government organization in the United States.

Secure .gov websites use HTTPS
A lock ( ) or https:// means you've safely connected to the .gov website. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites.

View full-text article in PMC

. 2013 Jul 10;79(1):97–110. doi: 10.1016/j.neuron.2013.05.001

Search in PMC
Search in PubMed
View in NLM Catalog
Add to search

© 2013 ELL & Excerpta Medica.

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which allows reusers to distribute, remix, adapt, and build upon the material in any medium or format, so long as attribution is given to the creator. The license allows for commercial use.

PMC Copyright notice

The Dopamine Receptor Agonist ADTN Increases the Gain of Synaptic Responses in Bipolar Cells and Blocks Modulation by an Olfactory Stimulus

(A) Averaged responses of 28 OFF bipolar cell terminals from four fish injected intraocularly with ADTN (light red; 0.2 μM estimated final concentration). The stimuli are a series of light steps of increasing intensity, as in Figure 1. Control responses (dark red) are from noninjected fish (traces in Figure 1D). The yellow traces show responses measured when methionine was applied in the presence of ADTN. SEM is shown in gray.

(B) Plot of intensity versus response amplitude averaged from the same populations of OFF terminals shown in (A). Dotted lines are fits of the Hill function with h = 0.70 and I_1/2 = 6.16 nW/mm² in control, h = 1.15 and I_1/2 = 0.01 nW/mm² in ADTN before olfactory stimulation and h = 1.04 and I_1/2 = 0.02 nW/mm² in ADTN after olfactory stimulation. Note that ADTN increased luminance sensitivity of OFF bipolar cell terminals by 2.79 log units, but did not significantly affect the amplitude of the response to brightest lights. Methionine did not significantly alter sensitivity or maximum response (yellow).

(C) Averaged responses of 64 ON bipolar cell terminals from four fish collected simultaneously with results shown in (A) and (B). Control responses (dark green) correspond to traces in Figure 1H. The light blue traces show responses measured when methionine was applied in the presence of ADTN.

(D) Plot of intensity versus response amplitude averaged from the same populations of ON terminals shown in (C). Dotted lines are fits of the Hill function with h = 0.93 and I_1/2 = 0.84 nW/mm² in control, h = 1.16 and I_1/2 = 0.04 nW/mm² in ADTN before olfactory stimulation and h = 1.65 and I_1/2 = 0.04 nW/mm² in ADTN after olfactory stimulation. Note that ADTN increased luminance sensitivity of ON bipolar cell terminals by 1.32 log units and also doubled the maximum amplitude of the response to the brightest lights. Methionine did not significantly alter sensitivity or maximum response in the presence of ADTN (light blue).