Schematic of the major enzymatic pathways metabolising ω3-polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs). Phospholipase A2 (PLA2) liberates ω3-PUFAs (eg, docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) or eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA)) from the cell membrane. These lipids are rapidly further metabolised by cyclooxygenase (COX), lipoxygenase (LOX) and cytochrome P450 (Cyp450) enzymes, generating the pathway-specific lipid metabolites 3-series prostaglandins, hydroxydocosahexaenoic acids (HDHAs), resolvins, neuroprotectins, epoxyeicosatetraenoic acids (EpETEs) and epoxydocosapentaenoic acids (EpDPEs).