FIGURE 3.

Loss of Sestd1 causes a spectrum of posterior defects that phenocopies loss of Dact1. A, Sestd1 KO phenocopies Dact1 KO in mice. Sestd1 mutants (mut) die before or within 1 day of birth, and at postnatal day 0 they have a short tail (arrow). B, Sestd1 mutant neonates lack genital tubercle (gt) and anus (a) (filled arrowhead and empty arrowhead). Some Sestd1 mutant neonates also have spina bifida (SB) and curled tails. C, Sestd1 mutant neonates have blind-ended colons (cn). D, Sestd1 mutant neonates have hydronephrotic horseshoe kidneys (hk) and no bladder (b). Scale bar, 500 μm. Other abbreviations: wt, wild type; mut, Sestd1 mutant; c, cecum; k, kidney; hn, hydronephrosis (cf. Fig. 1 in Ref. 29).