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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2013 Jul 15.
Published in final edited form as: Nat Rev Cancer. 2012 Sep;12(9):627–637. doi: 10.1038/nrc3339

Figure 2. Integration of NOX oxidase-derived ROS with the hallmarks of cancer.

Figure 2

This figure shows the potential signalling pathways that are activated (+) or inactivated (−) by NADPH oxidase (NOX) oxidases and how they relate to some of the suggested hallmarks of cancer cells, such as deregulated cell growth and angiogenesis. GPCRs, G protein-coupled receptors; HIFs, hypoxia-inducible factors; MMPs, matrix metalloproteinases; PPase, protein phosphatase; PTPs, protein tyrosine phosphatases; ROS, reactive oxygen species; RTK, receptor tyrosine kinase; TSC2, tuberous sclerosis 2; VEGF, vascular endothelial growth factor.