Table 3.

Odds Ratios and 95% Confidence Intervals (95% CI) from Generalized Estimation Equation Multivariate Analyses for the Association of Total Vitamin D Intake and Periodontal Disease Outcomes Measured up to 4 Times between 1986 and 1998

	Total Vitamin D Intake Odds Ratio (95% CI)
		Categorical
Periodontal Disease Outcome	Continuousa	Less than 400 IU/Dayb	≥ 400 but < 800 IU/Day	≥ 800 IU/Day
Severe periodontal diseasec	0.97 (0.96, 0.98)	1.0	1.00 (0.71, 1.41)	0.67 (0.55, 0.81)
Moderate-to-severe ABLd	0.95 (0.91, 0.99)	1.0	0.80 (0.52, 1.21)	0.54 (0.30, 0.96)

Models controlled for age, body mass index, number of teeth, college education (yes/no), smoking status (yes/no), diabetes (yes/no), cardiovascular disease (yes/no), and flossing frequency (never, ever).

^aPer each 100 IU/day.

^bReference group.

^cAttachment loss ≥ 6 mm on ≥ 2 sites (not on same tooth) and pocket depth ≥ 5 mm on ≥ 1 site.

^dAlveolar bone loss ≥ 40% on ≥ 3 sites.