Table 3.

Insulin, C-Peptide, Cortisol, and Catecholamine Trends during Study. Values are compared by repeated-measures ANOVA to detect inter-clamp variation between baseline (insulin -glucose infusion) and norepinephrine (insulin-glucose-norepinephrine infusion) clamp.

	Baseline	Norepinephrine
Insulin (μIU/mL)
Time 0	6 ± 4	19 ± 12
Time 1:00	51 ± 25	48 ± 17
Steady State (2:00-3:00)	57 ± 19	50 ± 16
C-Peptide (ng/mL)
Time 0	1.4 ± 0.4	2.4 ± 0.8
Time 1:00	1.9 ± 1.0	1.1 ± 0.5
Steady State (2:00-3:00)	1.9 ± 1.2	0.7 ± 0.5
Cortisol (μg/dL)*
Time 0	14.7 ± 7.4	10 ± 4
Time 1:00	10.2 ± 2.6	7 ± 2.4
Steady State (2:00-3:00)	7.1 ± 2.5	8.1 ± 3.2
Epinephrine (pg/mL)
Time 0	23 ± 13	21 ± 12
Time 1:00	20 ± 11	15 ± 0
Steady State (2:00-3:00)	19 ± 14	18 ± 6
Norepinephrine (pg/mL)*
Time 0	189 ± 53	242 ± 125
Time 1:00	193 ± 54	1230 ± 459
Steady State (2:00-3:00)	199 ± 56	2306 ± 736

All values are mean ± standard deviation.

^*p value < 0.05 by repeated-measures ANOVA.