Ligand dependence of receptor modulation. A, Images taken either before (pre), immediately after (t = 0), or 3 min after (t = 3 min) application and rapid washout of derm A594 (100 nm, 90 s). Images show derm A594 bound to the plasma membrane of cells expressing FLAG-MOR that were either untreated (ctrl), or treated with ME, fentanyl, or morphine for 2 h. Scale bar, 20 μm. B, Quantification of unbinding of derm A594 as shown in A after 2 h pretreatment with the indicated opioid ligands. Images were taken every 2.5 s imaging both M1 488 and derm A594. Averaged, normalized ratiometric intensity is plotted. Data are mean ± SEM; n = 6–9). Arrow indicates time = 3 min after washout. C, Fraction of derm A594 remaining at t = 3 min relative to t = 0 from data shown in B. Data are mean ± SEM. All treatments except naloxone resulted in a significant change in the fraction bound after 3 min (p < 0.05, ANOVA, Tukey post hoc test).