Table 2.
Change in percent volume (mL/day) purchased from each type of beverage using estimated average marginal effects from random-effects longitudinal regression models, among U.S. households from the Homescan Longitudinal dataset, 2000–2010*.
| BEVERAGES | LCS only† | CS only† | LCS and CS | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Predictors | B | [95%CI] | P value‡ | B | [95%CI] | P value‡ | β | [95%CI] | P value‡ | |||
| Gender-age categories | ||||||||||||
| Female | ||||||||||||
| 2–6 y-old | −0.5 | −0.8 | −0.2 | 0.002 | 1.4 | 1.1 | 1.8 | 0.000 | −0.3 | −0.5 | 0.0 | 0.026 |
| 7–12 y-old | −0.4 | −0.7 | −0.2 | 0.001 | 0.4 | 0.1 | 0.7 | 0.015 | 0.3 | 0.1 | 0.5 | 0.002 |
| 13–18 y-old | −0.7 | −1.0 | −0.5 | 0.000 | 0.3 | −0.1 | 0.6 | 0.110 | 0.2 | 0.0 | 0.3 | 0.134 |
| Male | ||||||||||||
| 2–6 y-old | −0.7 | −1.0 | −0.4 | 0.000 | 1.5 | 1.1 | 1.9 | 0.000 | −0.2 | −0.5 | 0.0 | 0.042 |
| 7–12 y-old | −0.7 | −1.0 | −0.5 | 0.000 | 0.8 | 0.5 | 1.1 | 0.000 | 0.1 | −0.1 | 0.3 | 0.185 |
| 13–18 y-old | −1.6 | −1.8 | −1.3 | 0.000 | 2.0 | 1.7 | 2.4 | 0.000 | 0.0 | −0.2 | 0.2 | 0.830 |
| Female | ||||||||||||
| 19–39 y-old | −0.4 | −0.6 | −0.2 | 0.000 | −0.1 | −0.4 | 0.1 | 0.318 | 0.3 | 0.2 | 0.4 | 0.000 |
| 40–59 y-old | 1.1 | 0.9 | 1.3 | 0.000 | −2.2 | −2.5 | −2.0 | 0.000 | 0.6 | 0.5 | 0.8 | 0.000 |
| >60 y-old | 1.1 | 0.8 | 1.3 | 0.000 | −1.7 | −2.0 | −1.4 | 0.000 | 0.4 | 0.2 | 0.5 | 0.000 |
| Male | ||||||||||||
| 19–39 y-old | −1.8 | −2.0 | −1.6 | 0.000 | 2.6 | 2.4 | 2.8 | 0.000 | −0.4 | −0.5 | −0.3 | 0.000 |
| 40–59 y-old | 0.0 | −0.2 | 0.2 | 0.839 | 1.3 | 1.1 | 1.5 | 0.000 | −0.5 | −0.6 | −0.3 | 0.000 |
| >60 y-old | 1.0 | 0.7 | 1.2 | 0.000 | 0.7 | 0.4 | 1.0 | 0.000 | −0.6 | −0.8 | −0.5 | 0.000 |
|
| ||||||||||||
| Presence of children | ||||||||||||
| Presence vs. Absence | −1.8 | −2.1 | −1.6 | 0.000 | 3.0 | 2.6 | 3.3 | 0.000 | −0.4 | −0.7 | −0.2 | 0.000 |
|
| ||||||||||||
| Race/ethnicity | ||||||||||||
| African-American vs. White | −12.0 | −12.5 | −11.6 | 0.000 | 9.3 | 8.8 | 9.8 | 0.000 | −0.6 | −0.8 | −0.3 | 0.000 |
| Hispanic vs. White | −5.3 | −5.8 | −4.8 | 0.000 | 3.9 | 3.3 | 4.5 | 0.000 | −1.0 | −1.3 | −0.6 | 0.000 |
| Other vs. White | −5.9 | −6.6 | −5.3 | 0.000 | 5.8 | 5.0 | 6.6 | 0.000 | −2.1 | −2.5 | −1.7 | 0.000 |
|
| ||||||||||||
| Income | ||||||||||||
| Middle vs. Low Income | 1.2 | 1.0 | 1.3 | 0.000 | −2.0 | −2.2 | −1.8 | 0.000 | 0.4 | 0.3 | 0.6 | 0.000 |
| High vs. Low Income | 2.7 | 2.5 | 2.9 | 0.000 | −4.6 | −4.8 | −4.3 | 0.000 | 0.9 | 0.8 | 1.1 | 0.000 |
*
Coefficients can be interpreted as the change in the percent of grocery expenditure (volume purchased, mL/d) on each type of beverage respect to the total purchases of beverages. Changes with presence of different family members by age and gender, presence of children, race/ethnicity and income are shown. Results for other predictors are shown in Table 3S.
†
LCS, low-caloric sweetened beverages or foods; CS, caloric-sweetened beverages or foods.
‡
Significance level: P<0.001