. 2013 Jul 10;8:27. doi: 10.1186/1750-9378-8-27

Table 1.

Studies reporting prevalence of AGWs in women

Author,	Country	Study design	Study population	Sample size	Mean or Median age	Prevalence of AGWs²n (%)	Prevalence	Comments
Publication year	Country	Study design	Study population	Sample size	(years, range/IQR¹)	Prevalence of AGWs²n (%)	of HIV-1 (%)	Comments
*East Africa*
Kreiss et al., 1992 [11]	Kenya	^§Cross-sectional	Sex workers	196	30.2 (HIV-1+) 31.5 (HIV-1-)	18/196 (9.2) Overall 15/145 (10.0) HIV-1+ 3/51 (6.0) HIV-1
Fonck, et al., 2000 [12]	Kenya	"EntryTbl_st^§Cross-sectional	Women attending STD³ clinic	520	26 ± 6.8 (14–49)	31/520 (6 .0) 5/520 (1.0)^a	29.0	Prevalence of AGWs 5% (Non pregnant women) 9% (Pregnant women) 6% (One sexual partner)
Mayaud et al., 2001 [13]	Tanzania	^§Cross-sectional	Pregnant women	660	23.4 ± 5.1 (15–44)	20/660 (3.0)	15.0
Riedner et al., 2003 [14]	Tanzania	^§Open cohort	Female bar workers	600	25.4	39/600 (6.5) Overall 39/408 (9.6) HIV + 0/192 (0.0) HIV -	68.0
Namkinga et al., 2005 [15]	Tanzania	^§Cross-sectional	Women presenting with complaints of genital infections	464		18/464 (3.9)	22.0
Amone-P'Olak, 2005 [16]	Uganda	^‡Cross-sectional	Formally abducted teenage girls in Northern Uganda	123	16.2 ± 2.2 (12–18)	67/123 (54.5)^a
Mbizvo et al., 2005 [17]	Tanzania	^§Cross –sectional	Women seeking primary health care services	382	26.7 ± 6.0	8/382 (2.1)	11.5
Msuya et al., 2006 [18]	Tanzania	^§Cross-sectional	Women seeking reproductive health care services	382	24.6 (14–43)	7/382 (2.0)	6.9
Riedner et al., 2006 [19]	Tanzania	^§Serial cross-sectional	Female bar workers	600	25.5 (16–39)	5.2-10.7	67.0
Aboud et al., 2008 [20]	TanzaniaMalawi and Zambia	^§Cross-sectional	HIV-1 positive pregnant women	2292	(15–49)	195/2292 (8.5)		Prevalence of AGWs Blantyre – 42/474 (8.9) Lilongwe – 61/748 (8.2) Dar es Salaam – 31/428 (7.2) Lusaka – 61/642 (9.5)
Banura et al., 2008a [21]	Uganda	Baseline of a prospective cohort study	Young women attending a clinic for teenagers	1275	20 (12–24)	97/1275 (7.6)	8.6
Banura et al., 2008b [22]	Uganda	^§Baseline of a prospective cohort study	Pregnant women Attending ANC⁵	987	19 (14–24)	61/987 (6.2)	7.3
Urassa et al., 2008 [23]	Tanzania	^§Cross-sectional	Youth attending an STI⁴ clinic	214	20.2 (Females) (13–24) 21.5 (Males) (11–24)	7/214 (3.3)	15.3	HIV −1 prevalence in Males – 7.5%
Grijsen et al., 2008 [24]	Kenya	^§Baseline of a prospective cohort study	Women at risk for HIV-infection	361	27 (23–32)	8/361 (2.4)	32.0
Msuya et al., 2009 [18]	Tanzania	^§Cross-sectional	Pregnant women	2655	24.6 (14–43)	11/2555 (0.4) Overall 2/184 (1.1) HIV + 9/2470 (0.4) HIV -	6.9
Mapingure, et al., 2000 [25]	Tanzania	^§Cross-sectional	Pregnant women	2654	24.6	34/2654 (1.3) 48/2654 (1.8)^b	6.9
*Central and South Africa*
Latif et al., 1984 [26]	Zimbabwe	^§Cross-sectional	Pregnant women attending STD clinic	175	22.3	23/175 (13.7)
Mason et al., 1990 [27]	Zimbabwe	^§Cross-sectional	Women attending STD clinic	100	(15–45)	14/100 (14.0) 1/59 (1.7)^a
Kristensen 1990 [28]	Malawi	^§Cross sectional	Adult women with symptoms of STIs	16,218	26.8 ± 7.5	32/16,218 (0.2)	62.4
Nzila et al., 1991 [29]	Democratic Republic of Congo	^§Cross-sectional	Female sex workers	1233		30/1233 (2.4) Overall 21/431 (5.0) HIV + 8/802 (1.0) HIV-	35.0
Le Bacq et al., 1993 [30]	Zimbabwe	^§Cross-sectional	New STD clinic attendees	146		19/146 (13.0)	69.0
Maher et al., 1995 [31]	Malawi	^§Cross-sectional	Female patients in general medical care	61	31 (16–65)	6/61 (9.8)
Taha et al., 1998 [32]	Malawi	^§Serial cross-sectional surveys	Pregnant women	1990 – 6603 HIV + 1502 HIV- 5101 1993 – 2161 HIV + 694 HIV- 1457 1995 – 808 HIV + 808 HIV- 701		1990 1993 1995 Overall 4.8 3.1 2.5 HIV + 8.3 6.3 2.7 HIV- 2.2 1.7 1.0	23.0 (1990) 30.1 (1993) 32.6 (1995)
Klaskala et al., 2005 [33]	Zambia	^§Cross-sectional	Pregnant women	3160	25 ± 5.3 (14–43)	203/3160 (6.2)
Mbizvo et al., 2005 [17]	Zimbabwe	^§Cross –sectional	Women recruited from primary health care centers	386	26.5 ± 6.8	13/386 (3.4)	29.3
Kurewa et al., 2010 [34]	Zimbabwe	^§Cross-sectional	Pregnant women	691	24.2 ± 5.1	48/691 (7.0) 50 /691 (7.3)^a	25.6
Mapingure et al., 2010 [26]	Zimbabwe	^§Cross-sectional	Pregnant women	691	24.2 ± 5.1	50/691 (7.3) 33/691 (4.8)^b	25.6
Menendez et al., 2010 [35]	Mozambique	^§Cross- sectional	Women attending ANC and FP⁶ clinics and community	262	(14–61)	13/262 (5.0)	12.0	Prevalence of HIV-1 21.0% among FP clinic attendees
*West Africa*
Oni et al., 1994 [36]	Nigeria	^§Cross-sectional	STD clinic attendees	116		12/116 (10.5)
Ghys et al., 1995 [37]	Ivory Cost	^§Cross sectional	Female sexual workers	1209		105/1209 (8.7) Overall 79/567 (14.0) HIV + 26/642 (4.0) HIV -	80.0
Meda et al., 1997 [38]	Burkina Faso	^§Cross – sectional	Women attending ANC	645	25.3 ± 2.9 (15–41)	19/645 (2.9)
Okesola et al., 2000 [39]	Nigeria	^§Cross-sectional	Patients attending an STD clinic	861	(17–74)	68/861 (8.0)
Bakare et al., 2002 [40]	Nigeria	^§Cross-sectional	CSWs⁷ and women without symptoms of STIs			6.5 36.4^c	34.3
Domfeh et al., 2008 [41]	Ghana	^§Cross-sectional	Women attending gynecological clinic	75	33.3 ± 9.2 (19–57)	4/75 (5.3)^a
Sagay et al., 2009 [42]	Nigeria	^§Cross-sectional	Female sex workers	374	27.8 ± 6.7 (16–63)	17/374 (4.5)		Prevalence of AGWs 5/81 (6.1%) Lemon users 12/293 (4.1%) Non Lemon users
Jombo et al., 2009 [43]	Nigeria	^§Cross- sectional	Patients with genital ulcer disease	699		369/699 (52.8) Overall 285/506 (56.4) HIV + 84/193 (43.6) HIV –		Prevalence Males: 13/329 (2.6%) Females: 8/177 (1.6%)
Low et al., 2011 [44]	Burkina Faso	^§Baseline of Prospective cohort	CSWs and other women with high-risk sexual behaviors	765	28 (15–54)	27/765 (3.5) Overall 19/273 (7.0) HIV −1 + 8/492 (1.6) HIV -	34.9 HIV-1 0.7 HIV-1 &2	No prevalent AGWs among women on HAART

^a self-reported prevalence; ^b self-reported prevalence for the last 12 months; ^c self-reported prevalence among commercial sexual workers; ¹Inter quartile range; ²Anogenital warts; ³Sexually transmitted disease; ⁴Sexually transmitted infection; ⁵Antenatal care; ⁶Family planning; ⁷Commercial sexual workers; ^§ hospital-based study; ^‡ Teenagers in an institution.