Figure 4.

(a–b) Navigational knowledge of four ants from four nests. Ants captured either at their foraging tree (full-vector ants) or close to the nest when returning with prey (zero-vector ants) were displaced in different compass directions around the nest (black circle). Displaced ants were captured up to seven times after they had returned to the nest and re-released at different release stations (open circles) around the nest. For each individual, we show full-vector paths, if recorded, in red and subsequent zero-vector paths in different colours.