A: Endotoxin concentrations representing microbial translocation were measured from portal plasma samples taken after 6-wk consumption of controlled intakes of either a CTL (n = 5) or HFr (n = 5). *ANCOVA P = 0.05. B: The ligand for LPS (sCD14) significantly increased in the peripheral circulation after only 6 wk in monkeys fed the HFr. *ANCOVA P = 0.02. C: The binding protein for LPS (LBP-1) significantly increased in the peripheral circulation after only 6 wk in monkeys fed the HFr. *ANCOVA P = 0.04. CTL, low-fat, low-fructose diet; HFr, low-fat, high-fructose diet; LBP-1, LPS binding protein-1; sCD14, soluble CD14.