Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of 295,645 men age 65 years and older who underwent PSA screening and the downstream outcomes that occurred during the 5 years following PSA screening.
| BASELINE CHARACTERISTIC* | DOWNSTREAM CONSEQUENCES† |
|||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Men with Index PSA Result > 4.0 ng/ml | Men who Received Prostate Biopsy | Men Diagnosed with Prostate Cancer | Men Treated for Prostate Cancer | Men Treated and Alive at 5 Years | ||
| All Patients | N | N (%) | N (% of men with index PSA > 4.0 ng/ml) | N (% of men who received prostate biopsy) | N (% of men diagnosed with prostate cancer) | N (% of men treated for prostate cancer) |
| Age, years | ||||||
| 65-69 | 97,251 | 5,731 (5.9) | 2,892 (50.5) | 1682 (58.2) | 1403 (83.4) | 1232 (87.8) |
| 70-74 | 94,422 | 7,163 (7.6) | 2,869 (40.1) | 1808 (63.0) | 1499 (82.9) | 1278 (85.3) |
| 75-79 | 65,501 | 6,789 (10.4) | 1,726 (25.4) | 1150 (66.6) | 920 (80.0) | 718 (78.0) |
| 80-84 | 30,902 | 4,212 (13.6) | 695 (16.5) | 487 (70.1) | 390 (80.1) | 258 (66.2) |
| 85+ | 7,569 | 1,313 (17.3) | 131 (10.0) | 93 (71.0) | 72 (77.4) | 37 (51.4) |
| Charlson Comorbidity Score | ||||||
| 0 | 184,504 | 16,533 (9.0) | 6037 (36.5) | 3812 (63.1) | 3158 (82.8) | 2655 (84.1) |
| 1-2 | 82,808 | 6,482 (7.8) | 1841 (28.4) | 1146 (62.3) | 920 (80.3) | 730 (79.4) |
| 3+ | 28,333 | 2,193 (7.7) | 435 (19.8) | 262 (60.2) | 206 (78.6) | 138 (67.0) |
| Race | ||||||
| White | 264,978 | 21,304 (8.0) | 6951 (32.6) | 4315 (62.1) | 3534 (81.9) | 2916 (82.5) |
| Black | 21,706 | 2,979 (13.7) | 1101 (37.0) | 750 (68.1) | 623 (83.1) | 508 (81.5) |
| Other | 8,961 | 925 (10.3) | 261 (28.2) | 155 (59.4) | 127 (81.9) | 99 (78.0) |
| Married | 208,827 | 16,611 (8.0) | 5741 (34.6) | 3574 (62.3) | 2954 (82.7) | 2495 (84.5) |
| Not Married | 86,818 | 8,406 (9.9) | 2512 (29.9) | 1604 (63.9) | 1295 (80.7) | 999 (77.1) |
| Census region | ||||||
| Midwest | 80,176 | 7,238 (9.0) | 2471 (34.1) | 1550 (62.7) | 1293 (83.4) | 1051 (81.3) |
| Northeast | 36,348 | 3,117 (8.6) | 983 (31.5) | 607 (61.8) | 486 (80.1) | 408 (84.0) |
| South | 132,890 | 10,668 (8.0) | 3500 (32.8) | 2172 (62.1) | 1815 (83.6) | 1502 (82.8) |
| West | 46,231 | 4,185 (9.1) | 1359 (32.5) | 891 (65.6) | 690 (77.4) | 562 (81.5) |
| Lived in ZCTA in which ≥ 25% of Adults Had a College Education‡ | ||||||
| Yes | 81,339 | 6,985 (8.6) | 2343 (33.5) | 1450 (61.9) | 1185 (81.7) | 1002 (84.6) |
| No | 214,306 | 17,433 (8.5) | 5707 (32.7) | 3598 (63.1) | 2960 (82.3) | 2407 (81.3) |
| Median annual income of ZCTA‡ | ||||||
| Highest tertile(>=$41,144) | 95,753 | 8,118 (8.5) | 2678 (33.0) | 1662 (62.1) | 1356 (81.6) | 1134 (83.6) |
| Middle tertile | 95,372 | 7,805 (8.2) | 2543 (32.6) | 1590 (62.5) | 1288 (81.0) | 1044 (81.2) |
| Lowest tertile (<=$32,549) | 95,567 | 8,500 (8.9) | 2830 (33.3) | 1797 (63.5) | 1501 (83.5) | 1231 (82.0) |
| Selected Comorbidities§ | ||||||
| CHF | 18,698 | 1,604 (8.6) | 320 (20.0) | 206 (64.4) | 162 (78.6) | 98 (60.5) |
| COPD | 35,430 | 3,029 (8.5) | 752 (24.8) | 455 (60.5) | 367 (80.7) | 267 (72.8) |
| Diabetes | 52,433 | 3,583 (6.8) | 984 (27.5) | 625 (63.5) | 509 (81.4) | 399 (78.4) |
| Cerebrovascular disease | 19,099 | 1,505 (7.9) | 356 (23.7) | 214 (60.1) | 168 (78.5) | 124 (73.8) |
| Dementia | 1,844 | 222 (12.0) | 18 (8.1) | 13 (72.2) | 10 (76.9) | 6 (60.0) |
Associations between baseline characteristics and downstream outcomes were significant (P<0.001) for all relationships in bold.
The denominator for each row percent is the number of men in the prior column. For example, among men age 65-69, 50.5% of 5,731 men with a PSA result > 4 ng/ml received a biopsy; 58.2% of 2,892 men who received a biopsy were diagnosed with prostate cancer; 83.4% of 1,682 men diagnosed with prostate cancer received treatment (radical prostatectomy, radiation or hormone therapy); and 87.8% of 1,403 men who were treated survived 5 years after their index screening PSA test.
ZCTA=Zip Code Tabulation Area. The following variables had missing data: Marital Status (1%), Income (3%) and Education (3%).
These categories are not mutually exclusive. Reference group for comparisons are men without the specific comorbidity.