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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2013 Jul 16.
Published in final edited form as: Q J Econ. 2011;126(1):103–143. doi: 10.1093/qje/qjr001

Table III.

Summary Statistics for NFL Football Games and Nielsen Television Ratings.

Number
of Games
Fraction in Category
or Subcategory

A. All NFL Football Games, 1995–2006
Day of Week and Season/Postseason
  Regular Season Games 993 .95
    Sunday Games 866 .87
    Monday Night Football 68 .07
    Thursday, Friday, or Saturday Games 59 .06
  Postseason Games (36 on Sunday, 17 on Saturday) 53 .05
B. Sunday Regular Season NFL Games, 1995–2006
Outcome
  Loss 414 .48
  Win 452 .52
Predicted and Actual Outcomes Based on Pre-Game Point Spread
  Predicted Win: Point Spread ≤ 4 283 .33
    Actual Loss (Upset Loss) 79 .28
  Predicted Close: −4 < Point Spread < 4 377 .44
    Actual Loss (Close Loss) 194 .49
  Predicted Loss: Point Spread ≥ 4 206 .24
    Actual Win (Upset Win) 65 .32
Predicted and Actual Outcomes Based on Halftime Point Spread
  Predicted Win: Halftime Point Spread ≤ 4 338 .39
    Actual Loss (Halftime Upset Loss) 61 .18
  Predicted Close: −4 < Halftime Point Spread < 4 240 .28
    Actual Loss (Halftime Close Loss) 126 .53
  Predicted Loss: Halftime Point Spread ≥ 4 288 .33
    Actual Win (Halftime Upset Win) 61 .21
No Sunday Game
  Played on Another Day of the Week 127 .67
  “Bye” Week 62 .33
By Time of Day
  1 PM ET Start Time 587 .68
  4 PM ET Start Time 224 .26
  8 PM ET Start Time 55 .06
Salient Games
  (a) Still in Playoff Contention 589 .68
  (b) Against a Traditional Rival 201 .23
  (c) Sacks≥4, Turnovers≥4, or Penalties>80 yds 341 .39
  (d) Highly Salient: (a) and [(b) or (c)] 321 .37
C. Nielsen Media Research Local Television Ratings, 1997–2006
Percent of Local TV Households Watching Game Average (%) Max (%)

Local Team Playing 24.3 47.9
  1 PM Game
    Local Team Playing 23.1 47.2
    Local Team not Playing that Sunday 8.1 17.7
  4 PM Game
    Local Team Playing 29.4 47.9
    Local Team not Playing that Sunday 12.3 22.2
  8 PM Game (ESPN/TNT games only)
    Local Team Playing 10.1 19.0
    Local Team not Playing that Sunday 8.3 21.4

Notes: Sample covers the teams and years listed in Table 2. Starting times of games are approximate. See notes to Table 6 for definitions of salient games. Nielsen ratings begin in 1997 for Carolina, Denver, Detroit, and New England; 1998 for Tennessee; and 2000 for Kansas. Ratings for the 8 PM games do not include the 2006 season, as the broadcasts switched from cable/satellite (ESPN/TNT) to an over the air network (NBC) in 2006. Average ratings for 8 PM games in 2006 are 33.9% and 9.1% when the local team is playing and not playing, respectively