Table 1. Characteristics of the eleven case-control studies included in the meta-analysis.
First author, Publication year | Country in which conducted | Study period | Age (years) | Study design | Cases/Controls | Proxy interview | Data-collection | Exposure variables and categories |
Hochberg, 1990 | USA | 1977–1981 | 15–81 | PCC | 67/59 | Yes | Questionnaire or phone interview | OC, Birth order, Mother’s age at birth, Age at menarche. |
Cantor, 1993 | USA | 1984–1989 | 40–85 | PCC | 169/821 | Yes | Questionnaire or phone interview | Age at first birth, Pregnancy, Parity, First-born. |
Cicuttini, 1997 | Australia | 1987–1991 | 20–70 | PCC | 166/170 | Yes | In-person interview | Pregnancy, Hysterectomy, Menopausal status. |
Lambe, 1997 | Swedish | 1958–1990 | ≥15 | NCC | 1657/8225 | NO | Data recorded in Fertility Registry and the Swedish Cancer Registry | Pregnancy, Number of births, Age at first birth. |
Schlehofer, 1999 | USA, Australia,France, Canada,Germany, Sweden | 1980–1991 | 20–80 | PCC | 531/933 | Yes | Questionnaire or in-person interview | Menopausal status, steroid hormones use. |
Huang, 2004 | USA | 1995–1997 | 18–80 | PCC | 341/527 | Yes | In-person interview | OC, HRT, Age at menarche, first birth and last birth, Number of live births, Breast Feeding, Menstruation months, Type of menopause. |
Hatch, 2005 | USA | 1994–1998 | ≥15 | HCC | 212/436 | Yes | Questionnaire or in-person interview | Age at menarche, first birth, and menopause, Ever pregnant, Ever had live birth, Number of live birth, Menopausal status, Type of menopause, Breast Feeding, Bilateral oophorectomy. |
Wigertz, 2006 | Sweden | 2000–2002 | 20–69 | PCC | 115/323 | Yes | In-person interview, phone interview, or questionnaire | OC, other contraceptives, HRT given gynecologic problems, HRT. |
Wigertz, 2008 | Sweden, Finland, Denmark, Norway,UK | 2000–2004 | 18–69 | PCC | 626/1774 | Yes | In-person interview or phone interview | Age at menarche and menopause, Pregnant, Menopausal status, Ever had live birth, No of pregnancies leading to a live birth, Breast feeding. |
Felini, 2009 | USA | 1991–1994, 1997–1999, 2001–2004 | ≥20 | PCC | 619/650 | Yes | In-person interview or phone interview | OC, PHT, Parity, number of children, Gravidity, Age at first birth and menopause, Menopausal type, Menstruation years. |
Wang, 2011 | USA | 1993–2001 | 18–80 | PCC/HCC | 357/822 | Yes | Questionnaire or in-person interview | OC, MRT, Age at menopause and menarche, Menopause status. |
UK, United Kingdom; PCC, population-based case-control study; HCC, hospital-based case-control study; NCC, nested case-control study; PHT, postmenopausal hormone use; MRT, Menopausal hormone therapy use.