FIGURE 1.

Forest plot of associations between dietary magnesium (50 mg/d) and fasting glucose (mmol/L) in 15 US and European cohort studies. The estimate from each cohort study, indicated by a filled square, was adjusted for age, sex, BMI, smoking, education, physical activity, alcohol intake, energy intake, study center (in ARIC, CHS, FamHS, HealthABC, InCHIANTI, MESA), and/or family or population substructure (in CHS, FamHS, FHS, MESA, YFS). GENDAI (child/adolescent cohort) did not adjust for smoking, education, or alcohol intake, because these variables were not applicable in this study. Rotterdam did not adjust for physical activity, because this variable was not available in the study. The size of the square is proportional to the weight of the cohort study in the overall fixed-effects estimate, and the horizontal line represents the 95% CI. The overall summary estimate and its 95% CI are indicated by the open diamond. ARIC, Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study; CHS, Cardiovascular Health Study; FamHS, Family Heart Study; FHS, Framingham Heart Study; GENDAI, Gene-Diet Attica Investigation on Childhood Obesity; GHRAS, Greek Health Randomized Aging Study, GLACIER, Gene-Lifestyle interactions And Complex traits Involved in Elevated disease Risk; HealthABC, Health, Aging, and Body Composition Study; InCHIANTI, Invecchiare in Chianti; MESA, Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis; PIVUS, Prospective Investigation of the Vasculature in Uppsala Seniors; ULSAM, Uppsala Longitudinal Study of Adult Men; YFS, Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns Study.