TABLE 2.
Meta-analyzed associations between magnesium intake and fasting glucose and fasting insulin in 15 cohort studies
| Association2 of fasting glucose (mmol/L) per 50-mg/d increment in magnesium intake |
Association2 of fasting insulin (ln-pmol/L) per 50-mg/d increment in magnesium intake |
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| Model1 | n3 | β (95% CI) | P | I 2(95% CI) | n3 | β (95% CI) | P | I2 (95% CI) |
| 1 | 52,684 | −0.016(−0.019, −0.012) | <0.0001 | 50 (9, 72) | 37,640 | −0.028(−0.032, −0.024) | <0.0001 | 80 (68, 88) |
| 2 | 52,568 | −0.013(−0.017, −0.010) | <0.0001 | 20 (0, 56) | 37,527 | −0.023(−0.026, −0.020) | <0.0001 | 81 (69, 88) |
| 3 | 50,921 | −0.009(−0.013, −0.005) | <0.0001 | 30 (0, 62) | 36,271 | −0.020(−0.024, −0.017) | <0.0001 | 75 (59, 85) |
| 4 | 48,588 | −0.001(−0.006, 0.005) | 0.78 | 30 (0, 65) | 34,137 | −0.012(−0.017, −0.007) | <0.0001 | 46 (0, 73) |
Model 1 adjusted for age, sex, energy intake, study center (in Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study; Cardiovascular Health Study; Family Heart Study; Health, Aging, and Body Composition Study; Invecchiare in Chianti; Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis), and family or population substructure (in Cardiovascular Health Study, Family Heart Study, Framingham Heart Study, Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis, Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns Study). Model 2 adjusted for model 1 with additional adjustment for BMI. Model 3 adjusted for model 2 with additional adjustment for smoking, education, physical activity, and alcohol intake. The Gene-Diet Attica Investigation on Childhood Obesity (child/adolescent cohort) did not adjust for smoking, education, or alcohol intake, because these variables are not applicable in this cohort. The Rotterdam Study did not adjust for physical activity, because this variable was not available in this cohort. Model 4 adjusted for model 3 with additional adjustment for fiber and caffeine. The Greek Health Randomized Aging Study, Prospective Investigation of the Vasculature in Uppsala Seniors, and Uppsala Longitudinal Study of Adult Men were excluded from model 4 analysis, because these cohorts did not have information on either fiber or caffeine intake.
β coefficient and 95% CI shown as β (95% CI).
The number of independent observations in each analysis.