Table 2.

Significant metabolites identified in first-trimester maternal serum (unadjusted).

Metabolite	Class	β- coefficient (95% CI)	p-value	AUC (95% CI)	Up/down in Preeclampsia
C5OH (Hydroxyisovalerylcarnitine/Hydroxymethybutyrylcarnitine	Acyl carnitine	30.9 (6.8–55.0)	0.012	0.67 (0.57–0.76)	Increased
C6OH (Hydroxyhexanoylcarnitine)	Acyl carnitine	34.3 (4.5–64.0)	0.024	0.67(0.57–0.76)	Increased
Phenylalanine	Amino acid	0.06 (0.02–0.10)	0.006	0.68 (0.58–0.77)	Increased
Glutamate	Amino acid	0.03 (0.01–0.04)	0.002	0.73 (0.63–0.81)	Increased
Arginine	Amino acid	0.02 (0.01–0.03)	0.004	0.70 (0.60–0.79)	Increased
Alanine	Amino acid	0.02 (0.01–0.03)	0.009	0.68 (0.58–0.77)	Increased
Hydroxyproline	Amino acid	0.11 (0.03–0.20)	0.012	0.68(0.58–0.77)	Increased
Combined			0.0001	0.84 (0.75–0.91)