Table 2.

The association between venular caliber and neuropsychological test performance at age 38 years. The standardized regression coefficients (β) reflect change in neuropsychological test performance as a function of a 1-SD unit change in retinal venular caliber.

Neuropsychological Test		Model 1			Model 2
		β	95% CI	p	β	95% CI	p
WAIS-IV	Verbal Comprehension	−.141	−.207, −.078	<.001	−.181	−.269, −.095	<.001
	Perceptual Reasoning	−.103	−.168, −.039	.002	−.124	−.211, −.037	.005
	Working Memory	−.096	−.161, −.032	.003	−.147	−.234, −.061	.001
	Processing Speed	−.124	−.186, −.061	<.001	−.141	−.224, −.055	.001
Executive Function	Trail Making Test B*	.098	.034, .163	.003	.114	.027, .201	.010
	WMS-III: Mental Control	−.123	−.186, −.060	<.001	−.096	−.180, −.010	.028
	CANTAB Rapid Visual Information Processing: A Prime	−.075	−.141, −.010	.023	−.126	−.215, −.039	.005
Memory Tests	Rey Auditory Verbal Learning: Total Recall	−.086	−.150, −.025	.006	−.113	−.198, −.029	.008
	Rey Auditory Verbal Learning: Delayed Recall	−.060	−.122, .002	.060	−.087	−.171, −.003	.043
	WMS-III: Paired Associates: Total Recall	−.048	−.113, .017	.145	−.068	−.155, .019	.126
	WMS-III: Paired Associates: Delayed Recall	.008	−.057, .073	.801	.040	−.048, .128	.372
	CANTAB Visual Paired Associates Learning: Total Errors*	.083	.018, .144	.012	.080	−.007, .164	.072
Motor Tests	Grooved Pegboard*	.103	.040, .166	.001	.113	.028, .198	.009
	One-legged Balance	−.061	−.126, .004	.067	−.152	−.240, −.065	.001
	Grip Strength	.011	−.033, .054	.629	.025	−.034, .083	.408
	CANTAB Reaction Time: 5-Choice Reaction Time*	.011	−.053, .075	.739	.007	−.079, .094	.872

Note: Model 1: control for sex. Model 2: Model 1 + control for arteriolar caliber.

^*Higher scores indicate slower performance or more errors, and thus worse functioning.

WAIS-IV= Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-IV; WMS-III = Wechsler Memory Scale-III; CANTAB = Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery.