Figure 3.

Overexpression of hOGG1 in mitochondria from PMC isolated from Tg mice prevented palmitate-induced mtDNA damage and increased mitochondrial function. A, Break frequency/14-kb mtDNA fragment. ATP level (B), MTS-viability (C), and mitochondrial copy number (D) were increased in Tg as compared to both KO or WT cultures after exposure to indicated concentrations of palmitate. The average results ± SE are shown (n ≥ 3). *, P < .05 vs PMC from KO and WT mice treated with the same concentration of palmitate. E, Primary skeletal muscle myotubes were treated with 0.5 mM palmitate for 24 hours. Total cell lysates were isolated and expression of mitochondrial proteins was analyzed by Western blot with the indicated antibodies. The values from densitometry from at least four independent experiments were normalized to the level of actin and expressed as fold difference compared to the corresponding control (2% BSA) conditions (n ≥ 4). *, P < .05 vs other groups.