. 2013 Jul 15;30(14):1299–1304. doi: 10.1089/neu.2012.2690

Table 2.

Comparison of Age-Adjusted T Scores between Football Players (College and Higher) and Normative Data for Healthy Adults on the BRIEF-A

	Football players^a		Football^avs. healthy adults^b
	Mean (SD)	Percent of T scores ≥65	T-score p value	Cohen's d	T scores ≥65 p value
Index scores
BRI	58.2 (12.8)	26.6	0.000^*	0.81	0.004^*
MI	59.4 (14.2)	37.5	0.000^*	0.91	0.000^*
GEC	58.9 (13.2)	28.1	0.000^*	0.87	0.002^*
Clinical scales
Inhibit	58.4 (11.5)	26.6	0.000^*	0.85	0.004^*
Shift	56.3 (11.4)	25.0	0.000^*	0.63	0.005^*
Emotional Control	58.0 (13.0)	26.6	0.000^*	0.79	0.015
Self-Monitor	52.3 (13.0)	18.8	0.159	0.23	0.018
Initiate	58.1 (14.1)	28.1	0.000^*	0.79	0.002^*
Working Memory	62.4 (15.0)	37.5	0.000^*	1.20	0.000^*
Plan/Organize	56.9 (14.1)	32.8	0.000^*	0.67	0.001^*
Task Monitor	57.6 (12.6)	28.1	0.000^*	0.75	0.035
Organization of Material	54.3 (11.9)	14.1	0.006	0.43	0.162

Scores from football players were compared to age-adjusted normative data published in the BRIEF-A manual.

^{^a}

n=64.

^{^b}

n=1050.

^{^*}

Significant group differences (index scores, alpha<0.05; clinical scales, alpha<0.006).

BRI, Behavioral Regulation Index; MI, Metacognition Index; GEC, Global Executive Composite; SD, standard deviation.