FIG. 3.

Data from total protein carbonylation (A) and TBARS (B). *p<0.05 and ***p<0.001, compared to all other groups, revealing the interaction between all factors and the protective effect of physical exercise in the TBI/PTZ group for this analysis; ^#p<0.001, compared to sham groups. Data from Na⁺/K⁺ATPase activity (C). *p<0.05, compared to the TBI/exercise group independently from saline/PTZ procedures; ^#p<0.05 compared, to exercise/PTZ groups, independently from sham/TBI procedures. Data from SOD activity (D). *p<0.05 compared to other groups, revealing the effect of physical exercise, increasing SOD activity even in the TBI and PTZ groups. All data are mean±standard error of the mean for n=8–11. TBI, traumatic brain injury; PTZ, pentylenetetrazol; saline, sterile NaCl 0.9% (vehicle of PTZ); TBARS, thiobarbituric acid reactive species; MDA, malondialdehyde; SOD, superoxide dismutase.